Tablet-Based Design Fluency Test: Taiwan Normative Data and Reliability and Validity Study

The Design Fluency Test (DFT) is an assessment of an individual’s figural fluency or non-verbal fluency ability, which is one of the measures of executive function. However, there is a lack of normative data for Taiwan. This study aimed to address this gap by examining the psychometric properties of the DFT and exploring its relations to demographic variables of 8–29-year-olds in Taiwan. To improve the disadvantages of manual scoring, a Tablet-Based Design Fluency Test (TB-DFT) was developed and tested on 1,099 normal participants. The TB-DFT is divided into three conditions: black dot (fluency), white dot (fluency + inhibition), and black and white dot switching (fluency + switching). The scoring indicators include the number of correct designs, the number of repeated designs, and the number of wrong designs. The results show that the test-retest reliability coefficient is.39 ~.48, and validity was demonstrated with significant or no significant correlations for criterion-related validity and discriminant validity of the TB-DFT, respectively. The study also established a normative reference for ages 8 to 29, revealing the influence of age on design fluency performance. This provides an effective test for future research and education fields and is expected to deepen the exploration of design fluency and executive function.