Growth and thermal maturation of the Toba magma reservoir

Ping Ping Liu*, Luca Caricchi*, Sun Lin Chung*, Xian Hua Li, Qiu Li Li, Mei Fu Zhou, Yu Ming Lai, Azman A. Ghani, Theodora Sihotang, Tom E. Sheldrake, Guy Simpson

*此作品的通信作者

研究成果: 雜誌貢獻期刊論文同行評審

18 引文 斯高帕斯(Scopus)

摘要

The Toba volcanic system in Indonesia has produced two of the largest eruptions (>2,000 km3 dense-rock equivalent [DRE] each) on Earth since the Quaternary. U-Pb crystallization ages of zircon span a period of ∼600 ky before each eruptive event, and in the run-up to each eruption, the mean and variance of the zircons' U content decrease. To quantify the process of accumulation of eruptible magma underneath the Toba caldera, we integrated these observations with thermal and geochemical modeling. We show that caldera-forming eruptions at Toba are the result of progressive thermal maturation of the upper crustal magma reservoir, which grows and chemically homogenizes, by sustained magma influx at average volumetric rates between 0.008 and 0.01 km3/y over the past 2.2 My. Protracted thermal pulses related to magma-recharge events prime the system for eruption without necessarily requiring an increased magma-recharge rate before the two supereruptions. If the rate of magma input was maintained since the last supereruption of Toba at 75 ka, eruptible magma is currently accumulating at a minimum rate of ∼4.2 km3 per millennium, and the current estimate of the total volume of potentially eruptible magma available today is a minimum of ∼315 km3. Our approach to evaluate magma flux and the rate of eruptible magma accumulation is applicable to other volcanic systems capable of producing supereruptions and thereby could help in assessing the potential of active volcanic systems to feed supereruptions.

原文英語
文章編號e2101695118
期刊Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
118
發行號45
DOIs
出版狀態已發佈 - 2021 11月 9

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • 多學科

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