TY - JOUR
T1 - Engineering a monolithic 3D paper-based analytical device (μPAD) by stereolithography 3D printing and sequential digital masks for efficient 3D mixing and dopamine detection
AU - Faizul Zaki, Muhammad
AU - Chen, Pin Chuan
AU - Yeh, Yi Chun
AU - Lin, Ping Heng
AU - Xu, Ming Yi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/11/1
Y1 - 2022/11/1
N2 - Stereolithography 3D printing and digital masks in sequence are used herein to manufacture 3D µPAD in a monolithic layer of paper within 1 s. Multiple experiments were systematically conducted to further understand the fundamentals and limitation of this manufacturing process, and a novel 3D mixer and a fluorescent chemosensor assay used to determine dopamine concentration at high-alkaline pH conditions were successfully demonstrated. Experiment results showed: (1) the 3D mixer is superior than conventional 2D mixer regarding mixing performance and repeatability, (2) dopamine detection and pH indicator can be realized with fewer operation steps and shorter processing time, (3) a truly 3D µPAD, including multilayer microchannels within a monolithic paper substrate, can be created with fewer reagent loss and higher transportation efficiency, (4) a smallest microchannel, 100 µm wide microchannel, can be successfully created on µPAD. These results clearly proved that this proposed 3D µPAD is not only a novel format of µPAD, but it can also simplify the operation steps for an analytical assay while improving the mixing phenomenon via 3D mixer and using minimum sample volume.
AB - Stereolithography 3D printing and digital masks in sequence are used herein to manufacture 3D µPAD in a monolithic layer of paper within 1 s. Multiple experiments were systematically conducted to further understand the fundamentals and limitation of this manufacturing process, and a novel 3D mixer and a fluorescent chemosensor assay used to determine dopamine concentration at high-alkaline pH conditions were successfully demonstrated. Experiment results showed: (1) the 3D mixer is superior than conventional 2D mixer regarding mixing performance and repeatability, (2) dopamine detection and pH indicator can be realized with fewer operation steps and shorter processing time, (3) a truly 3D µPAD, including multilayer microchannels within a monolithic paper substrate, can be created with fewer reagent loss and higher transportation efficiency, (4) a smallest microchannel, 100 µm wide microchannel, can be successfully created on µPAD. These results clearly proved that this proposed 3D µPAD is not only a novel format of µPAD, but it can also simplify the operation steps for an analytical assay while improving the mixing phenomenon via 3D mixer and using minimum sample volume.
KW - Dopamine detection
KW - Mixing on 3D- µPAD
KW - Monolithic 3D µPADs
KW - Sequential digital masks
KW - Stereolithography 3D printing
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U2 - 10.1016/j.sna.2022.113991
DO - 10.1016/j.sna.2022.113991
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85141539295
SN - 0924-4247
VL - 347
JO - Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
JF - Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
M1 - 113991
ER -