Effects of using mobile phone programs to control educational robots on the programming self-efficacy of the third grade students

The purpose of this study is to use mobile phone programs to control educational robots, so as to enhance the computational thinking literacy of the third grade students. This study allows learners to use mobile phone applications to drag building blocks in order to control and interact with the educational robots. This study also employed the computer program self-efficacy scale, educational robot attitude scale and cognitive load scale to measure computational thinking ability and learning performance. The research results show that learners have significantly improved their computational thinking ability after course, and further analysis found that learners' self-efficacy performance of computer programs is significantly negatively related to learning anxiety, and learning investment and learning image are significantly positively related.