@article{4b16192768f44ecdba831e124e28a8a4,
title = "Effect of ISO-SSE Interaction on Accelerating the TS to Severe TS Development in the WNP Since the Late 1990s",
abstract = "This study addressed the abrupt increase in the development speed of tropical storms (TSs) to severe TSs (≥ category 3, referred to as STSs) in the western North Pacific (WNP) during the late 1990s. Our investigation indicated that the TSs developed into STSs with a faster speed since the late 1990s. The eddy kinetic energy budget of synoptic-scale eddy (SSE) indicated that the enhancement of energy conversion from intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) to SSE played a critical role in accelerating the TS-to-STS development. The increase of ISO-SSE interaction was attributed to the mega La Ni{\~n}a–like mean state change. The anticyclone anomaly associated with mega La Ni{\~n}a and warm oceanic condition in the WNP substantially modified the mean TS genesis location (northwestward shift) and enhanced the ISO magnitude in the South China Sea and Philippine Sea, thereby amplifying the ISO-SSE interaction in the WNP in the late 1990s.",
keywords = "ISO-SSE interaction, abrupt increase, intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), tropical storm",
author = "Hong, {Chi Cherng} and Tsou, {Chih Hua} and Lee, {Ming Ying} and Chang, {Chi Chun} and Hsu, {Huang Hsiung} and Chen, {Kuan Chieh}",
note = "Funding Information: We are grateful to three anomalous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. The observational atmospheric and oceanic data used in this study are from the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ftp://ftp.cdc.noaa.gov), NCEP/NCAR (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/reanalysis/reanalysis.shtml), and NOAA_ERSST_V4 data (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). National Centers for Environmental Prediction Coupled Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/model-data/model-datasets/climate-forecast-system-version2-cfsv2) were used to retrieve the EKE budget. The tropical cyclone data were obtained from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (http://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/jtwc.html) and Japan Meteorological Agency (http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/trackarchives.html). This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, under grants 106-2111-M-845-001, 106-2111-M-001-005, 106-2621-M-865-001, 106-2111-M-003-001, and 107-2119-M-003-001. This manuscript was edited by Wallace Academic Editing. Funding Information: We are grateful to three anomalous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. The observational atmospheric and oceanic data used in this study are from the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ftp://ftp. cdc.noaa.gov), NCEP/NCAR (https:// www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/ reanalysis/reanalysis.shtml), and NOAA_ERSST_V4 data (https://www. esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). National Centers for Environmental Prediction Coupled Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/model-data/model-datasets/ climate-forecast-system-version2-cfsv2) were used to retrieve the EKE budget. The tropical cyclone data were obtained from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (http://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/jtwc. html) and Japan Meteorological Agency (http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/ jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/trackarc-hives.html). This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, under grants 106-2111-M-845-001, 106-2111-M-001-005, 106-2621-M-865-001, 106-2111-M-003-001, and 107-2119-M-003-001. This manuscript was edited by Wallace Academic Editing.",
year = "2018",
month = nov,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1029/2018GL079548",
language = "English",
volume = "45",
pages = "12,008--12,014",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
number = "21",
}