EFFECT OF HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON EXECUTIVE FUNCTION: A Review

Executive function refers to higher-order cognitive processes, including inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Physical activity has been shown to positively influence executive function, with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) emerging as a particularly promising approach due to its higher levels of intensity and time efficiency. This review systematically examines the effects of HIIT on the three core components of executive function, considering exercise parameters and individual characteristics. Findings suggest HIIT improves executive function to varying degrees: inhibitory control benefits are consistent across age groups and HIIT intervention durations; working memory improvements are most evident in younger individuals; and cognitive flexibility responses are variable, with notable improvements in older adults and clinical populations. Optimal results appear to occur with HIIT performed at least twice weekly, for 11–30 minutes per session, over a minimum of eight weeks, using a 1:1 work-to-recovery ratio. HIIT is adaptable across age and clinical conditions, including game-based designs for children and aquatic formats for older adults. While more research is needed, HIIT’s efficiency and flexibility make it a promising strategy for enhancing executive function and addressing cognitive health challenges.