Effect of acute MIIT on behavioral and neuroelectric indices of inhibition in middle adulthood

Middle adulthood represents a pivotal transition period in cognitive aging, emerging as a crucial time for implementing interventions aimed at maintaining or enhancing executive function. Low-volume moderately high-intensity interval training (MIIT) could provide similar benefits to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) while offering greater enjoyment. This study aims to investigate the effects of acute MIIT on EF in midlife and to assess the neural correlates of inhibition. Thirty-one participants completed 30 min of MICT, 19 min of MIIT, and 30 min of a non-exercise control (CON) session in a counterbalanced crossover design. Behavioral (accuracy and reaction time) and neuroelectric (event-related potentials: P3 and N450 amplitudes) outcomes were measured during a Stroop task, along with lactate levels and enjoyment rating post-intervention. Both MICT and MIIT improved Stroop task performance, evidenced by shorter reaction times compared to CON. Neuroelectric assessments revealed distinct adaptations following MIIT, including altered P3 and N450 amplitudes. Lactate concentrations significantly increased and participants reported greater enjoyment after MIIT. The findings illustrate unique effects of acute MIIT compared to MICT on cognitive function and underlying neural activity in midlife, suggesting that MIIT is an effective, time-efficient strategy to enhance cognitive health.