@article{832c93b637db4dcca4fff3647ecf2d9d,
title = "Comparative biogeography and the evolution of population structure for bottlenose and common dolphins in the Indian Ocean",
abstract = "Aim: In the marine environment, where there are few physical boundaries to gene flow, there is often nevertheless intraspecific diversity with consequences for effective conservation and management. Here, we compare two closely related dolphin species with a shared distribution in the Indian Ocean (IO) to better understand the biogeographic drivers of their population structure. Location: Global oceans and seas with a focus on the Indian Ocean. Taxon: Tursiops sp. and Delphinus sp. Methods: Bayesian, ordination, assignment, statistical and phylogenetic analyses to assess phylogeography, connectivity and population structure using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA genetic markers. Results: Both Tursiops sp. and Delphinus sp. showed population structure across the western IO and, in each case, populations in the Arabian Sea (off India, Pakistan and Oman) were most differentiated. Comparisons with other populations worldwide revealed independent lineages in this geographic region for both genera. For T. aduncus, (for which multiple sites within the IO could be compared), Bayesian modelling best supported a scenario of expansion southwards following a bottleneck event resulting in differentiation between the northern and western IO. For Delphinus, the same pattern is even more pronounced. Populations in the Arabian Sea region of the north-western IO show genetic isolation for each of the two genera, consistent with other studies of cetacean species in this region. Main conclusions: We propose that changes in the intensity of the southwest monsoon during the climate cycles of the Pleistocene could have affected regional patterns of productivity and represent an important biogeographic driver promoting the observed patterns of differentiation and population dynamics seen in our focal species. Patterns of population genetic structure are consistent with phenotypic differences, suggesting an influence from distinct habitats and resources, and emphasising the need for effective conservation measures in this geographic region.",
keywords = "Delphinus, Tursiops, biodiversity, conservation, phenotype, phylogeography",
author = "Gray, {Howard W.I.} and Ing Chen and Moura, {Andr{\'e} E.} and Ada Natoli and Shin Nishida and Shinsuke Tanabe and Gianna Minton and Ponnampalam, {Louisa S.} and Kiani, {Muhammad S.} and Ross Culloch and Mauvis Gore and Anna S{\"a}rnblad and Omar Amir and Per Berggren and Tim Collins and Willson, {Andrew J.} and Robert Baldwin and Hoelzel, {A. Rus}",
note = "Funding Information: This study was partly supported by the Environment Society of Oman (ESO), The Rufford Small Grants for Nature Conservation, Darwin Initiative, WWF (Pakistan) and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) to a project on Joint Usage/Research Center – Leading Academia in Marine and Environmental Research (LaMer), Ehime University (Japan). Thanks are due to Tomohiko Isobe for his assistance at es‐BANK with samples from India. For providing samples we would like to acknowledge, Vic Peddemors and The Natal Shark Board (South Africa), the Oman Natural History Museum and the Museum am L{\"o}wentor, Staatliches Museum f{\"u}r Naturkunde, in Stuttgart, Germany. Thanks are due to Oman{\textquoteright}s Environment Authority (former Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs) for providing permits to collect samples. Thanks are also due to Five Oceans Environmental Services LLC. and ESO for their assistance and support to collect, store and ship samples. Koen Van Waerebeek, Ken Findlay, Rupert Ormond, Babar Hussain and Umer Waqas are duly acknowledged for their fieldwork assistance. Samples from Portugal were collected during the PhD grant SFRH/BD/28012/2006 awarded to AEM by the Portuguese Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e Tecnologia, with logistic support by the companies Marina de Portim{\~a}o, Nautiradar and AngelPilot. Biopsy sampling was carried out under permit from the Portuguese Institute for the Conservation of Nature and Biodiversity (ICNB). Sample collection in Zanzibar was funded by grants from the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association MASMA Programme and WWF Sweden. Biopsies were collected in Zanzibar under research permits issued by the Zanzibar Research Committee. We are grateful to Narriman Jiddawi, Juma Kifana and colleagues at the Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam (Zanzibar, Tanzania) for their support. All ethical standards have been followed. Funding Information: All sources of funding are acknowledged in the acknowledgements section. This study was partly supported by the Environment Society of Oman (ESO), The Rufford Small Grants for Nature Conservation, Darwin Initiative, WWF (Pakistan) and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) to a project on Joint Usage/Research Center – Leading Academia in Marine and Environmental Research (LaMer), Ehime University (Japan). Thanks are due to Tomohiko Isobe for his assistance at es-BANK with samples from India. For providing samples we would like to acknowledge, Vic Peddemors and The Natal Shark Board (South Africa), the Oman Natural History Museum and the Museum am L{\"o}wentor, Staatliches Museum f{\"u}r Naturkunde, in Stuttgart, Germany. Thanks are due to Oman{\textquoteright}s Environment Authority (former Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs) for providing permits to collect samples. Thanks are also due to Five Oceans Environmental Services LLC. and ESO for their assistance and support to collect, store and ship samples. Koen Van Waerebeek, Ken Findlay, Rupert Ormond, Babar Hussain and Umer Waqas are duly acknowledged for their fieldwork assistance. Samples from Portugal were collected during the PhD grant SFRH/BD/28012/2006 awarded to AEM by the Portuguese Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e Tecnologia, with logistic support by the companies Marina de Portim{\~a}o, Nautiradar and AngelPilot. Biopsy sampling was carried out under permit from the Portuguese Institute for the Conservation of Nature and Biodiversity (ICNB). Sample collection in Zanzibar was funded by grants from the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association MASMA Programme and WWF Sweden. Biopsies were collected in Zanzibar under research permits issued by the Zanzibar Research Committee. We are grateful to Narriman Jiddawi, Juma Kifana and colleagues at the Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam (Zanzibar, Tanzania) for their support. All ethical standards have been followed. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors. Journal of Biogeography published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",
year = "2021",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1111/jbi.14102",
language = "English",
volume = "48",
pages = "1654--1668",
journal = "Journal of Biogeography",
issn = "0305-0270",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "7",
}