Applying augmented reality to improve the outcomes of procedural knowledge acquisition

The acquisition of procedural knowledge is vital to learning content that emphasizes steps and sequences. However, such learning is difficult for learners in conventional teaching settings. Although research has confirmed that augmented reality (AR) is effective in enhancing learning-related memory, no studies have verified whether AR can effectively enhance memory of procedural knowledge. In this study, an AR mobile application was used to assist in the teaching of Microsoft Excel by guiding students through steps for performing Excel operations and thereby establishing their procedural knowledge of eight Excel formulas. The objective was to verify whether AR could effectively help students retain memory of procedural knowledge. This empirical study on 68 student participants revealed that students using the AR system retained adequate memory of procedural operations 2 weeks after completing the Excel classes.