A Simulation Study of Kelvin Waves Interacting with Synoptic Events during December 2016 in the South China Sea and Maritime Continent

This study evaluates the model simulation of interaction between convectively coupled tropical disturbances in the South China Sea (SCS) and Maritime Continent (MC). The Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) is used to simulate the major interaction events in December 2016 with a fixed 60-km horizontal resolution and a variable 60-15-km resolution. Compared with an observational analysis, the overall spatial and temporal evolution of simulated rainfall and circulation reveals the capability of MPAS for reproducing equatorial Kelvin waves (KWs), and the interactions with equatorial Rossby waves and off-equatorial mixed Rossby-gravity (MRG)/TD-type waves up to a 5-7-day lead in both fixed 60-km and variable 60-15-km resolutions. Two interaction events are further examined. One involves an MRG/TD wave, prevailing northeasterlies, and a Borneo vortex developed in SCS during 6-11 December. The other involves a KW converging with the easterly trade wind that led to an MRG/TD-type wave and the formation of Typhoon Nock-ten during 16-20 December. The MPAS 60-15-km resolution tends to produce stronger precipitation and more coherent vorticity structures in both interaction events. Increasing the resolution to 15 km contributes to better representation of finer spatial vorticity and rainfall structures.