高強度間歇訓練對於划船選手有氧能力、肌肉去氧和作用與運動表現之影響

Purpose: To examine the effects of 4-wk high-intensity interval training (HIT) on the aerobic capacity (maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] and critical power), 2000-m rowing performance, and pulmonary and muscular oxygenation during 3-min all-out rowing test (3-min RT) in rowers. Methods: Sixteen male rowers were assigned to either a HIT or an ET (endurance training) group according to their 2000-m time-trial rowing test (2000TT) performance. The HIT group performed 8?12 sets of 30-s Wingate-based rowing sprint with 4-min rest interval, and the ET group performed 60-min rowing at 60%VO2max. Before and after a 4-wks (3 times/week) HIT or ET, participants performed the incremental rowing test (IRT), 3-min RT, and 2000TT to determine the effects of HIT on aerobic capacity and performance. During the 3-min RT, the gas analysis system and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were used to measure pulmonary and muscular oxygenation, including pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2), oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), deoxyhemoglobin (HHb), total hemoglobin (tHb), and tissue saturation index (TSI). During the 3-min RT, the end-test power (EP, similar with the critical power) and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were also determined. The blood lactate levels were measured before and after these exercise tests. Results: The VO2max (from 62.4 ± 3.8 to 65.2 ± 3.6 ml/kg/min, p < 0.05) and performance in 1000?1500-m (from 112.0 ± 5.6 to 110.0 ± 5.3 sec, p < 0.05) were significantly improved after HIT training, however, no significant changes were found in the ET group. Although there were no significant changes in peak (POpeak) and mean (POmean) power during 3-min RT in HIT group, the POpeak (from 581 ± 80 to 535 ± 70 W, p< 0.05) and POmean (from 319 ± 35 to 301 ± 32 W, p < 0.05) were significantly decreased after ET training. No significant changes were found in EP, 2000TT performance, and blood lactate levels after intervention in both groups. The muscular oxygenation indices, including HbO2, HHb, tHb, and TSI, during the 3-min RT were not significantly different from the values before intervention in both groups. Conclusion: This study showed that HIT might increase VO2max (+4.6%), and reduce the third 500-m time (?2.1 sec) during 2000TT, and could prevent the falls in power output during high-intensity exercise. However, the HIT program could not improve the critical power and muscular oxygenation.