「散居共同體」的建構與變遷：金門／神戶王氏華僑家族的案例分析

As a famous hometown of the Overseas Chinese in South Fujiang, people of Quemoy（also named Kinmen）went aboard legally after 1860. Most of youths migrated to Southeast Asia and some of them moved to Nagasaki and Kobe, Japan. Under the mechanism of chain migration, they established some kinship organization, local or vocational associations in new place. Accompanying some of the Overseas Chinese accumulating their wealth, they sent remittances to their family or clan. A few of merchant took care of many public affairs of the hometown, including education, industries, public hygiene, public security and local politics, etc. Although they might not live in the same place, they also maintained the operation of a family or a clan by setting up the network of relationship. This is so-called “Diasporic Community”. One of an important case is Wang’s family of Shanhou village, Quemoy. Ming-yu Wang（also named Guo-zhang, 1843-1903）moved to Nagasaki in 1868 and established Fu-xin Company, a trade enterprise, in Osaka and Kobe in 1971. Fu-xin Company stayed at Kobe after 1892. Ming-yu took his family members and fellow townsmen migrated to Kobe in succession, and let them join the company. During late 19th century, Fu-xin Company had founded an East Asian multiplex trade network. They based on Kobe and expanded their business to Harbin, Yingkou, Dalian, Tainjin, Shanghai, Amoy and Hong Kong, and then connected with Taiwan and Southeast Asia. Besides, Ming-yu and members of Fu-xin Company went back hometown and built a new village for their family after 1876. They set up 18 buildings during 25 years totally, including 16 houses, one school and one ancestral hall. But the network of trade and relationship of Overseas Chinese had changed after World War II. The diasporic community collapsed slowly. The project will focus on the case of Wang’s family and discuss the mechanism of construction of the diasporic community. First, I try to understand how Fu-xin Company establishes their trade network depending on their traditional cultural capital. Secondly, I will analyze how to construct the material basement of identity for a diasporic community, especially analyze the mechanism of establishment of new village and dividing up property of Fu-Xin Company. Finally, I deal with the change of the trade network and family relationship during post-war period and point to the collapsing process of the Wang’s diasporic community.