TY - JOUR
T1 - Wide-range tuning of the titanium dioxide flat-band potential by adsorption of fluoride and hydrofluoric acid
AU - Wang, Chong Mou
AU - Mallouk, Thomas E.
PY - 1990/1/1
Y1 - 1990/1/1
N2 - The adsorption of fluoride, (HF)nF- ions, and hydrofluoric acid at the surface of n-type TiO2-xFx (x ≈ 0.001) electrodes was studied by electrochemical methods. Adsorption of F- from acetonitrile/tetraethylammonium fluoride (TEAF) solution follows a Langmuir isotherm above a fractional coverage of about 0.5, and the equilibrium constant for adsorption is 8300 M-1. Specific adsorption of fluoride ions, at millimolar concentration in acetonitrile, results in a large negative shift in the flat-band potential, as manifested by capacitance measurements and cyclic voltammetry of Ru(bpy)32+. Fluoride ions are strongly complexed by HF in acetonitrile to form (HF)nF- ions (n = 1, 2), which are also specifically adsorbed at the TiO2-xFx(001 ) surface. The flat-band potential can be shifted by ca. 2 V, from -1.8 V vs Cu/CuF2 in pure acetonitrile/0.5 M TEAF to +0.2 V in acetonitrile/0.9 M TEAF/36 M HF. Addition of relatively small amounts (ca. 2 M) HF to acetonitrile/0.5 M TEAF causes the valence band edge to shift to a sufficiently positive potential that elemental fluorine can be evolved photoelectrochemically.
AB - The adsorption of fluoride, (HF)nF- ions, and hydrofluoric acid at the surface of n-type TiO2-xFx (x ≈ 0.001) electrodes was studied by electrochemical methods. Adsorption of F- from acetonitrile/tetraethylammonium fluoride (TEAF) solution follows a Langmuir isotherm above a fractional coverage of about 0.5, and the equilibrium constant for adsorption is 8300 M-1. Specific adsorption of fluoride ions, at millimolar concentration in acetonitrile, results in a large negative shift in the flat-band potential, as manifested by capacitance measurements and cyclic voltammetry of Ru(bpy)32+. Fluoride ions are strongly complexed by HF in acetonitrile to form (HF)nF- ions (n = 1, 2), which are also specifically adsorbed at the TiO2-xFx(001 ) surface. The flat-band potential can be shifted by ca. 2 V, from -1.8 V vs Cu/CuF2 in pure acetonitrile/0.5 M TEAF to +0.2 V in acetonitrile/0.9 M TEAF/36 M HF. Addition of relatively small amounts (ca. 2 M) HF to acetonitrile/0.5 M TEAF causes the valence band edge to shift to a sufficiently positive potential that elemental fluorine can be evolved photoelectrochemically.
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U2 - 10.1021/j100373a072
DO - 10.1021/j100373a072
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0000128535
VL - 94
SP - 4276
EP - 4280
JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry
JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry
SN - 0022-3654
IS - 10
ER -