The implementation of mobile learning in outdoor education: Application of QR codes

This study presents an m-learning method that incorporates QR codes. This learning method not only achieves the objectives of outdoor education, but it also increases applications of Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) (Mayer, 2001) in m-learning for practical use in a diverse range of outdoor locations.When implementing and using the system, we received feedback and suggestions from elementary teachers who participated in this study. These teachers expressed significant interest in using the Integrated QR Code Learning System to conduct outdoor educational activities. They also stated that the m-learning devices and system developed in this study achieved the planned learning outcomes, provided additional opportunities for interaction and facilitated teaching in a diverse range of locations. The system can be used as learning material or an experimental tool to investigate students' learning performance. With the revision of globaleducation methods, new message and communication technologies are being developed, which are set to alter how this "information" generation learns. Our study shows that the design of educational courses and lessons should be adjusted to include new learning methods that integrate technology with the life experience of the new generation in outdoor education. The results showed that the Integrated QR Code Learning System is highly acceptable for teaching to evaluate the learning acceptance is required in the future study.