Sexing a wider range of avian species based on two CHD1 introns with a unified reaction condition

Identifying the sex of a bird is important to ensure successful breeding strategies and effective conservation programs. Sex may be identified from the intron size of the CHD1 gene located on the avian sex chromosomes Z and W. However, because of the great nucleotide diversity across different avian species, no given intron is in widespread use without ambiguous results. Complicated modifications of the reaction condition are required to suit different species. Two CHD1 introns were used with a unified reaction condition in this study to simplify the procedure. Consequently, genders of 73 avian species covering 19 families were successfully identified based on this two-intron approach. This means the ability to sex a wider range of avian species using a simplified procedure, greatly assisting in population management at zoos.