Molybdenum isotopic constraint from Java on slab inputs to subduction zone magmatism

Molybdenum isotope is a diagnostic tracer for crustal and mantle components in arc magmatism. However, the mechanism of Mo isotopic variation in arc magmas is still debated, e.g., input of different subduction components into the mantle wedge versus isotopic fractionation during dehydration of subducted slab. Here we present whole-rock Mo-Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotopic data for the Continental Arc Basalt (CAB) and Back Arc Basalt (BAB) from Java, Indonesia, to investigate the role of slab inputs in Mo isotopic variation of the Sunda arc magmatism. The CAB samples have variable K₂O contents (0.44–2.49 wt%) and are mainly classified as calc-alkaline series, while the BAB samples are shoshonitic with markedly high K₂O contents (2.12–6.90 wt%) relative to the CABs. The Java CABs and BABs have similar Mo isotopic compositions (δ^98/95Mo = −0.65 to −0.07‰ and −0.66 to −0.07‰, respectively, relative to NIST SRM3134), suggesting that such a significant Mo isotopic variation should not be caused solely by the isotopic fractionation during the subduction. Instead, δ^98/95Mo values of the Java basalts positively correlate with Pb isotopic ratios. This implies that the Mo isotopic variations in the Java arc rocks should result from the metasomatism in the mantle wedge by hybrid agents, including varying proportions of melts from subducted sediments (with heavy Mo isotope) and melts from the subducted altered upper oceanic crust (SAOC) (with light Mo isotope). The light Mo isotope of the Java arc rocks, compared with the Mariana arc basalts, suggests that melts from the SAOC have much lighter Mo isotopic compositions than the components from the lower oceanic crust. Thus, Mo isotope has great potential to distinguish the components from the subducted upper and lower oceanic crust. The Java CABs show along-arc variations in Mo-Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotopes, which is related closely with the thermal status of the subducted slab. Upwelling of the asthenosphere due to the slab tearing beneath the Java arc might have enhanced the partial melting of subducted sediments nearby the slab window. The complicated subduction system in the Sunda arc has strongly controlled the geochemical composition of arc magmas, which changes with input of different subduction components into the mantle wedge along arc.