Influence of oral contraceptive use on growth hormone in vivo bioactivity following resistance exercise: Responses of molecular mass variants

William J. Kraemer; Bradley C. Nindl; Jeff S. Volek; James O. Marx; Lincoln A. Gotshalk; Jill A. Bush; Jill R. Welsch; Jakob L. Vingren; Barry A. Spiering; Maren S. Fragala; Disa L. Hatfield; Jen Yu Ho; Carl M. Maresh; Andrea M. Mastro; Wesley C. Hymer

doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2007.10.001

Influence of oral contraceptive use on growth hormone in vivo bioactivity following resistance exercise: Responses of molecular mass variants

William J. Kraemer^*, Bradley C. Nindl, Jeff S. Volek, James O. Marx, Lincoln A. Gotshalk, Jill A. Bush, Jill R. Welsch, Jakob L. Vingren, Barry A. Spiering, Maren S. Fragala, Disa L. Hatfield, Jen Yu Ho, Carl M. Maresh, Andrea M. Mastro, Wesley C. Hymer

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The purpose was to examine effects of oral contraceptive (OC) use on plasma growth hormone (GH) responses to heavy resistance exercise. Sixty untrained women were placed into one of two groups: currently using OC (Ortho Tri-Cyclen^®) (n = 25; mean ± SD: 24.5 ± 4.2 y, 160.4 ± 7.1 cm, 64.1 ± 11.3 kg) or not currently using OC (NOC) (n = 35; 23.6 ± 4.6 y, 165.9 ± 6.0 cm, 65.7 ± 10.3 kg). Participants performed an acute heavy resistance exercise test (AHRET; six sets of 10 repetition squats; 2 min rest between sets) during days 2-4 of the follicular phase (NOC group) or of inactive oral contraceptive intake (OC group). Plasma was obtained before and immediately after AHRET and subsequently fractionated based on apparent molecular weight (>60 kD, 30-60 kD, and <30 kD). GH was determined in unfractionated plasma and each plasma fraction using 4 methods: (1) Nichols Institute Diagnostics immunoradiometric assay (Nichols), (2) National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) competitive radioimmunoassay, (3) DSL immunofunctional enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (IFA) and (4) rat tibial line bioassay. GH increased (P < 0.05) in all fractions post-AHRET for the Nichols, NIDDK, and IFA. The OC group displayed higher resting GH for the NIDDK, and higher exercise-induced GH for the IFA, Nichols, and NIDDK in unfractionated plasma and >60 kD subfraction compared to NOC group. No differences were observed for the tibial line bioassay. OC use augmented immunological GH response to AHRET in unfractionated plasma and >60 kD molecular weight subfraction. However, OC use only increased biological activity of GH in one of two bioassays. These data demonstrated that GH concentrations at rest and following exercise are assay-dependent.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	238-244
Number of pages	7
Journal	Growth Hormone and IGF Research
Volume	18
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ghir.2007.10.001
Publication status	Published - 2008 Jun
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Birth control
Estradiol
Reproductive hormones
Strength
Women

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Endocrinology

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.ghir.2007.10.001

Cite this

Kraemer, W. J., Nindl, B. C., Volek, J. S., Marx, J. O., Gotshalk, L. A., Bush, J. A., Welsch, J. R., Vingren, J. L., Spiering, B. A., Fragala, M. S., Hatfield, D. L., Ho, J. Y., Maresh, C. M., Mastro, A. M., & Hymer, W. C. (2008). Influence of oral contraceptive use on growth hormone in vivo bioactivity following resistance exercise: Responses of molecular mass variants. Growth Hormone and IGF Research, 18(3), 238-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ghir.2007.10.001

Kraemer, WJ, Nindl, BC, Volek, JS, Marx, JO, Gotshalk, LA, Bush, JA, Welsch, JR, Vingren, JL, Spiering, BA, Fragala, MS, Hatfield, DL, Ho, JY, Maresh, CM, Mastro, AM & Hymer, WC 2008, 'Influence of oral contraceptive use on growth hormone in vivo bioactivity following resistance exercise: Responses of molecular mass variants', Growth Hormone and IGF Research, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 238-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ghir.2007.10.001

@article{5d25ed4dcfb84bb48fca6f491c5f7c01,

title = "Influence of oral contraceptive use on growth hormone in vivo bioactivity following resistance exercise: Responses of molecular mass variants",

abstract = "The purpose was to examine effects of oral contraceptive (OC) use on plasma growth hormone (GH) responses to heavy resistance exercise. Sixty untrained women were placed into one of two groups: currently using OC (Ortho Tri-Cyclen{\textregistered}) (n = 25; mean ± SD: 24.5 ± 4.2 y, 160.4 ± 7.1 cm, 64.1 ± 11.3 kg) or not currently using OC (NOC) (n = 35; 23.6 ± 4.6 y, 165.9 ± 6.0 cm, 65.7 ± 10.3 kg). Participants performed an acute heavy resistance exercise test (AHRET; six sets of 10 repetition squats; 2 min rest between sets) during days 2-4 of the follicular phase (NOC group) or of inactive oral contraceptive intake (OC group). Plasma was obtained before and immediately after AHRET and subsequently fractionated based on apparent molecular weight (>60 kD, 30-60 kD, and <30 kD). GH was determined in unfractionated plasma and each plasma fraction using 4 methods: (1) Nichols Institute Diagnostics immunoradiometric assay (Nichols), (2) National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) competitive radioimmunoassay, (3) DSL immunofunctional enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (IFA) and (4) rat tibial line bioassay. GH increased (P < 0.05) in all fractions post-AHRET for the Nichols, NIDDK, and IFA. The OC group displayed higher resting GH for the NIDDK, and higher exercise-induced GH for the IFA, Nichols, and NIDDK in unfractionated plasma and >60 kD subfraction compared to NOC group. No differences were observed for the tibial line bioassay. OC use augmented immunological GH response to AHRET in unfractionated plasma and >60 kD molecular weight subfraction. However, OC use only increased biological activity of GH in one of two bioassays. These data demonstrated that GH concentrations at rest and following exercise are assay-dependent.",

keywords = "Birth control, Estradiol, Reproductive hormones, Strength, Women",

author = "Kraemer, {William J.} and Nindl, {Bradley C.} and Volek, {Jeff S.} and Marx, {James O.} and Gotshalk, {Lincoln A.} and Bush, {Jill A.} and Welsch, {Jill R.} and Vingren, {Jakob L.} and Spiering, {Barry A.} and Fragala, {Maren S.} and Hatfield, {Disa L.} and Ho, {Jen Yu} and Maresh, {Carl M.} and Mastro, {Andrea M.} and Hymer, {Wesley C.}",

note = "Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge the following: Jana Peters for help in the development of the NIDDK RIA; the research and medical personnel from all the institutions involved with this study; a very large group of research assistants. We also are indebted to the dedicated group of women who participated in this study and made it all possible. This study was supported by a grant from the Department of Defense Women{\textquoteright}s Health Initiative [US Army Grant DAMD 17-95-5069 to WJK]. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision. Human test participants participated in this study after giving their free and informed voluntary consent. Investigators adhered to AR 70-25 and USAMRDC Regulation 70-25 regarding Use of Volunteers in Research. ",

year = "2008",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1016/j.ghir.2007.10.001",

language = "English",

volume = "18",

pages = "238--244",

journal = "Growth Hormone and IGF Research",

issn = "1096-6374",

publisher = "Churchill Livingstone",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Influence of oral contraceptive use on growth hormone in vivo bioactivity following resistance exercise

T2 - Responses of molecular mass variants

AU - Kraemer, William J.

AU - Nindl, Bradley C.

AU - Volek, Jeff S.

AU - Marx, James O.

AU - Gotshalk, Lincoln A.

AU - Bush, Jill A.

AU - Welsch, Jill R.

AU - Vingren, Jakob L.

AU - Spiering, Barry A.

AU - Fragala, Maren S.

AU - Hatfield, Disa L.

AU - Ho, Jen Yu

AU - Maresh, Carl M.

AU - Mastro, Andrea M.

AU - Hymer, Wesley C.

N1 - Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge the following: Jana Peters for help in the development of the NIDDK RIA; the research and medical personnel from all the institutions involved with this study; a very large group of research assistants. We also are indebted to the dedicated group of women who participated in this study and made it all possible. This study was supported by a grant from the Department of Defense Women’s Health Initiative [US Army Grant DAMD 17-95-5069 to WJK]. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision. Human test participants participated in this study after giving their free and informed voluntary consent. Investigators adhered to AR 70-25 and USAMRDC Regulation 70-25 regarding Use of Volunteers in Research.

PY - 2008/6

Y1 - 2008/6

N2 - The purpose was to examine effects of oral contraceptive (OC) use on plasma growth hormone (GH) responses to heavy resistance exercise. Sixty untrained women were placed into one of two groups: currently using OC (Ortho Tri-Cyclen®) (n = 25; mean ± SD: 24.5 ± 4.2 y, 160.4 ± 7.1 cm, 64.1 ± 11.3 kg) or not currently using OC (NOC) (n = 35; 23.6 ± 4.6 y, 165.9 ± 6.0 cm, 65.7 ± 10.3 kg). Participants performed an acute heavy resistance exercise test (AHRET; six sets of 10 repetition squats; 2 min rest between sets) during days 2-4 of the follicular phase (NOC group) or of inactive oral contraceptive intake (OC group). Plasma was obtained before and immediately after AHRET and subsequently fractionated based on apparent molecular weight (>60 kD, 30-60 kD, and <30 kD). GH was determined in unfractionated plasma and each plasma fraction using 4 methods: (1) Nichols Institute Diagnostics immunoradiometric assay (Nichols), (2) National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) competitive radioimmunoassay, (3) DSL immunofunctional enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (IFA) and (4) rat tibial line bioassay. GH increased (P < 0.05) in all fractions post-AHRET for the Nichols, NIDDK, and IFA. The OC group displayed higher resting GH for the NIDDK, and higher exercise-induced GH for the IFA, Nichols, and NIDDK in unfractionated plasma and >60 kD subfraction compared to NOC group. No differences were observed for the tibial line bioassay. OC use augmented immunological GH response to AHRET in unfractionated plasma and >60 kD molecular weight subfraction. However, OC use only increased biological activity of GH in one of two bioassays. These data demonstrated that GH concentrations at rest and following exercise are assay-dependent.

AB - The purpose was to examine effects of oral contraceptive (OC) use on plasma growth hormone (GH) responses to heavy resistance exercise. Sixty untrained women were placed into one of two groups: currently using OC (Ortho Tri-Cyclen®) (n = 25; mean ± SD: 24.5 ± 4.2 y, 160.4 ± 7.1 cm, 64.1 ± 11.3 kg) or not currently using OC (NOC) (n = 35; 23.6 ± 4.6 y, 165.9 ± 6.0 cm, 65.7 ± 10.3 kg). Participants performed an acute heavy resistance exercise test (AHRET; six sets of 10 repetition squats; 2 min rest between sets) during days 2-4 of the follicular phase (NOC group) or of inactive oral contraceptive intake (OC group). Plasma was obtained before and immediately after AHRET and subsequently fractionated based on apparent molecular weight (>60 kD, 30-60 kD, and <30 kD). GH was determined in unfractionated plasma and each plasma fraction using 4 methods: (1) Nichols Institute Diagnostics immunoradiometric assay (Nichols), (2) National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) competitive radioimmunoassay, (3) DSL immunofunctional enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (IFA) and (4) rat tibial line bioassay. GH increased (P < 0.05) in all fractions post-AHRET for the Nichols, NIDDK, and IFA. The OC group displayed higher resting GH for the NIDDK, and higher exercise-induced GH for the IFA, Nichols, and NIDDK in unfractionated plasma and >60 kD subfraction compared to NOC group. No differences were observed for the tibial line bioassay. OC use augmented immunological GH response to AHRET in unfractionated plasma and >60 kD molecular weight subfraction. However, OC use only increased biological activity of GH in one of two bioassays. These data demonstrated that GH concentrations at rest and following exercise are assay-dependent.

KW - Birth control

KW - Estradiol

KW - Reproductive hormones

KW - Strength

KW - Women

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=41649094999&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=41649094999&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.ghir.2007.10.001

DO - 10.1016/j.ghir.2007.10.001

M3 - Article

C2 - 18037316

AN - SCOPUS:41649094999

SN - 1096-6374

VL - 18

SP - 238

EP - 244

JO - Growth Hormone and IGF Research

JF - Growth Hormone and IGF Research

IS - 3

ER -

Influence of oral contraceptive use on growth hormone in vivo bioactivity following resistance exercise: Responses of molecular mass variants

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this