Hot Cracking in AZ31 and AZ61 Magnesium Alloy

This paper examined the impact of the number of thermal cycles and augmented strain on hot cracking in AZ31 and AZ61 magnesium alloy. Statistical analyses were performed. Following observation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) was used for component analysis. Results showed that AI content in magnesium alloy has an effect on hot cracking susceptibility. In addition, the nonequilibrium solidification process produced segregation in AI content, causing higher liquid Mg-alloy rich AI content at grain boundaries, and resulting into liquefied grain boundaries of partially melted zone (PMZ). In summary, under multiple thermal cycles AZ61 produced serious liquation cracking. AZ61 has higher (6 wt%) AI content and produced much liquefied Mg₁₇Al₁₂ at grain boundaries under multiple thermal cycles. The liquefied Mg₁₇Al₁₂ were pulled apart and hot cracks formed at weld metal HAZ due to the augmented strain. Since AZ31 had half the AI content of AZ61, its hot-cracking susceptibility was lower than AZ61. In addition, AZ61 showed longer total crack length (TCL) in one thermal cycle compared to that in three thermal cycles. This phenomenon was possibly due to high-temperature gasification of AI during the welding process, which resulted in lower overall AI content. Consequently, shorter hot cracks exhibited in three thermal cycles. It was found the AI content of AZ31 and AZ61 can be used to assess the hot-cracking susceptibility.