TY - JOUR
T1 - Habitat characteristics for immature stages of Aedes aegypti in Zanzibar city, Tanzania
AU - Saleh, Fatma
AU - Kitau, Jovin
AU - Konradsen, Flemming
AU - Alifrangis, Michael
AU - Lin, Chia Hsien
AU - Juma, Salim
AU - Seif McHenga, Salum
AU - Saadaty, Thabit
AU - Linda Schiøler, Karin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2018 by The American Mosquito Control Association, Inc.
PY - 2018/9
Y1 - 2018/9
N2 - Aedes aegypti is the main vector for dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika, and other arboviruses of public health importance. The presence of Ae. aegypti has never been systematically assessed in Zanzibar, including its preferred larval habitats. In 2016 we conducted a cross-sectional entomological survey to describe the preferred larval habitats of Ae. aegypti in Zanzibar City, the main urban area of the Zanzibar archipelago. The surveys for container habitats were conducted for a 17-wk period beginning in January 2016. Immature stages (larvae and pupae) were collected, reared to adulthood, and identified to species. The positive and potential habitats were categorized on the basis of physical, biological, and chemical parameters. A total of 200 samples were collected, of which 124 (62.0%) were positive for immature stages of mosquitoes and 114 (92%) for Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae. Presence of vegetation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-3.74), organic matter (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.21-4.60), inorganic matter (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.01-3.13), and sun exposure (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.24-4.36) were all significantly associated with the presence of immature stages of Ae. aegypti, suggesting that these conditions promote colonization of containers. Plastic containers supported 64% of the immature stages and produced approximately 50% of the pupae. Although immature counts were the highest in discarded artifacts, higher pupal counts were found in domestic water storage containers. Our observations suggest that effective control of Ae. aegypti in Zanzibar City must include improved solid waste management (collection and proper disposal of potential container habitats) and reliable supply of domestic water to minimize water-storing practices that provide larval habitats for Ae. aegypti.
AB - Aedes aegypti is the main vector for dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika, and other arboviruses of public health importance. The presence of Ae. aegypti has never been systematically assessed in Zanzibar, including its preferred larval habitats. In 2016 we conducted a cross-sectional entomological survey to describe the preferred larval habitats of Ae. aegypti in Zanzibar City, the main urban area of the Zanzibar archipelago. The surveys for container habitats were conducted for a 17-wk period beginning in January 2016. Immature stages (larvae and pupae) were collected, reared to adulthood, and identified to species. The positive and potential habitats were categorized on the basis of physical, biological, and chemical parameters. A total of 200 samples were collected, of which 124 (62.0%) were positive for immature stages of mosquitoes and 114 (92%) for Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae. Presence of vegetation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-3.74), organic matter (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.21-4.60), inorganic matter (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.01-3.13), and sun exposure (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.24-4.36) were all significantly associated with the presence of immature stages of Ae. aegypti, suggesting that these conditions promote colonization of containers. Plastic containers supported 64% of the immature stages and produced approximately 50% of the pupae. Although immature counts were the highest in discarded artifacts, higher pupal counts were found in domestic water storage containers. Our observations suggest that effective control of Ae. aegypti in Zanzibar City must include improved solid waste management (collection and proper disposal of potential container habitats) and reliable supply of domestic water to minimize water-storing practices that provide larval habitats for Ae. aegypti.
KW - Aedes aegypti
KW - Habitat characteristics
KW - Tanzania
KW - Zanzibar
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85061430676&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85061430676&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2987/17-6709.1
DO - 10.2987/17-6709.1
M3 - Article
C2 - 31442169
AN - SCOPUS:85061430676
SN - 8756-971X
VL - 34
SP - 190
EP - 200
JO - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association
JF - Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association
IS - 3
ER -