@article{0b8439439df04d899aa177211bd9898d,
title = "Ginkgolide A Prevents the Amyloid-β-Induced Depolarization of Cortical Neurons",
abstract = "Utilizing the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist as a strategy, memantine is the only agent available for clinically treating mild to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our aim was to develop novel similar herb-based drugs. Using a screening platform, ginkgolide A (GA), a pure compound extracted from Ginkgo biloba, was found to attenuate amyloid β (Aβ)-induced abnormal depolarization in mouse primary cortical neurons. Using receptor agonists, it was determined that GA inhibits both NMDA receptors and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors. Furthermore, the Aβ-induced increase in c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation in neurons was prevented by GA. Body weight, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, liver histology, and kidney histology were similar when the wild-type/AD animal model mice with and without GA treatment were compared. This pure compound improves the memory of wild-type mice. Our findings indicate that GA has great potential clinically for the treatment of AD because it might target NMDA receptors just like memantine.",
keywords = "Alzheimer's disease, amyloid β, ginkgolide A, glutamate receptors, herbal medicines, memantine",
author = "Kuo, {Li Chen} and Song, {Yan Qing} and Yao, {Chien An} and Cheng, {Irene H.} and Chien, {Chiang Ting} and Guan-Chiun Lee and Yang, {Wen Chin} and Yenshou Lin",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by Grant 105T3040D6 from the National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU) and Grant MOST 106-2320-B-003-001-MY3 from the Ministry of Science and Technology Taiwan, both to Yenshou Lin. Funding Information: *Telephone: 886-2-77346343. Fax: 886-2-29312904. E-mail: yenshoulin@ntnu.edu.tw. ORCID Yenshou Lin: 0000-0002-9169-3273 Author Contributions Li-Chen Kuo and Yan-Qing Song designed and performed the experiments as well as assembled, analyzed, and interpreted the data. Chien-An Yao and Irene H. Cheng provided essential materials and interpreted the data. Chiang-Ting Chien, Guan-Chiun Lee, and Wen-Chin Yang analyzed and interpreted the data. Yenshou Lin designed the experiments, interpreted the data, supervised the study, and wrote the manuscript. All of the authors have read and approved the manuscript. Funding This work was supported by Grant 105T3040D6 from the National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU) and Grant MOST 106-2320-B-003-001-MY3 from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, both to Yenshou Lin. Notes The authors declare no competing financial interest. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 American Chemical Society.",
year = "2019",
month = jan,
day = "9",
doi = "10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04514",
language = "English",
volume = "67",
pages = "81--89",
journal = "Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry",
issn = "0021-8561",
publisher = "American Chemical Society",
number = "1",
}