Abstract
Aims. We investigated the polarization and Faraday properties of Messier 87 (M87) and seven other radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at _0.87mm (345 GHz) using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Our goal was to characterize the linear polarization (LP) fractions, measure Faraday rotation measures (RMs), and examine the magnetic field structures in the emission regions of these AGNs. Methods. We conducted full-polarization observations as part of the ALMA Band 7 very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) commissioning during the April 2021 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) campaign. We analyzed the LP fractions and RMs to assess the nature of Faraday screens and magnetic fields in the submillimeter emission regions. Results. We find LP fractions between 1% and 17% and RMs exceeding 105 radm-2, which are 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than typically observed at longer wavelengths (λ > 3 mm). This suggests denser Faraday screens or stronger magnetic fields. Additionally, we present the first submillimeter polarized images of the M87 jet and the observed AGNs, revealing RM gradients and sign reversals in the M87 jet indicative of a kiloparsec-scale helical magnetic field structure. Conclusions. Our results provide essential constraints for calibrating, analyzing, and interpreting VLBI data from the EHT at 345 GHz, representing a critical step toward submillimeter VLBI imaging.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | A265 |
| Journal | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| Volume | 699 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2025 Jul 1 |
Keywords
- Black hole physics
- Instrumentation: interferometers
- Instrumentation: polarimeters
- Magnetic fields
- Polarization
- Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Space and Planetary Science
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 699, A265, 01.07.2025.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - First polarization study of the M87 jet and active galactic nuclei at submillimeter wavelengths with ALMA
AU - Goddi, Ciriaco
AU - Carlos, Douglas F.
AU - Crew, Geoffrey B.
AU - Matthews, Lynn D.
AU - Messias, Hugo
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AU - Martí-Vidal, Iván
AU - Albentosa-Ruíz, Ezequiel
AU - De Laurentis, Mariafelicia
AU - Liuzzo, Elisabetta
AU - Marchili, Nicola
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AU - Akiyama, Kazunori
AU - Alberdi, Antxon
AU - Alef, Walter
AU - Carlos Algaba, Juan
AU - Anantua, Richard
AU - Asada, Keiichi
AU - Azulay, Rebecca
AU - Bach, Uwe
AU - Baczko, Anne Kathrin
AU - Ball, David
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AU - Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha
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AU - Benson, Bradford A.
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AU - Bremer, Michael
AU - Brissenden, Roger
AU - Britzen, Silke
AU - Broderick, Avery E.
AU - Broguiere, Dominique
AU - Bronzwaer, Thomas
AU - Bustamante, Sandra
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AU - Chael, Andrew
AU - Chan, Chi Kwan
AU - Chang, Dominic O.
AU - Chatterjee, Koushik
AU - Chatterjee, Shami
AU - Chen, Ming Tang
AU - Chen, Yongjun
AU - Cheng, Xiaopeng
AU - Cho, Ilje
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AU - Conway, John E.
AU - Crawford, Thomas M.
AU - Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro
AU - Cui, Yuzhu
AU - Curd, Brandon
AU - Dahale, Rohan
AU - Davelaar, Jordy
AU - Deane, Roger
AU - Dempsey, Jessica
AU - Desvignes, Gregory
AU - Dexter, Jason
AU - Dhruv, Vedant
AU - Dihingia, Indu K.
AU - Doeleman, Sheperd S.
AU - Dzib, Sergio A.
AU - Eatough, Ralph P.
AU - Emami, Razieh
AU - Falcke, Heino
AU - Farah, Joseph
AU - Fish, Vincent L.
AU - Fomalont, Edward
AU - Alyson Ford, H.
AU - Foschi, Marianna
AU - Fraga-Encinas, Raquel
AU - Freeman, William T.
AU - Friberg, Per
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AU - Fuentes, Antonio
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AU - García, Roberto
AU - Gentaz, Olivier
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AU - Gómez, José L.
AU - Gu, Minfeng
AU - Gurwell, Mark
AU - Hada, Kazuhiro
AU - Haggard, Daryl
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AU - Heumann, Dirk
AU - Ho, Luis C.
AU - Ho, Paul
AU - Honma, Mareki
AU - Huang, Chih Wei L.
AU - Huang, Lei
AU - Hughes, David H.
AU - Ikeda, Shiro
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AU - Issaoun, Sara
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AU - Kocherlakota, Prashant
AU - Kofuji, Yutaro
AU - Koyama, Shoko
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AU - La Bella, Noemi
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AU - Lindqvist, Michael
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AU - Lo, Wen Ping
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AU - Nagai, Hiroshi
AU - Nagar, Neil M.
AU - Nair, Dhanya G.
AU - Nakamura, Masanori
AU - Narayanan, Gopal
AU - Natarajan, Iniyan
AU - Nathanail, Antonios
AU - Fuentes, Santiago Navarro
AU - Neilsen, Joey
AU - Ni, Chunchong
AU - Nowak, Michael A.
AU - Oh, Junghwan
AU - Okino, Hiroki
AU - Sánchez, Héctor Raúl Olivares
AU - Oyama, Tomoaki
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AU - Palumbo, Daniel C.M.
AU - Paraschos, Georgios Filippos
AU - Park, Jongho
AU - Parsons, Harriet
AU - Patel, Nimesh
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AU - Piétu, Vincent
AU - Popstefanija, Aleksandar
AU - Porth, Oliver
AU - Prather, Ben
AU - Principe, Giacomo
AU - Psaltis, Dimitrios
AU - Pu, Hung Yi
AU - Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh
AU - Rao, Ramprasad
AU - Rawlings, Mark G.
AU - Rezzolla, Luciano
AU - Ricarte, Angelo
AU - Ripperda, Bart
AU - Roelofs, Freek
AU - Romero-Cañizales, Cristina
AU - Ros, Eduardo
AU - Roshanineshat, Arash
AU - Rottmann, Helge
AU - Roy, Alan L.
AU - Ruiz, Ignacio
AU - Ruszczyk, Chet
AU - Sánchez, Salvador
AU - Sánchez-Argüelles, David
AU - Sánchez-Portal, Miguel
AU - Sasada, Mahito
AU - Satapathy, Kaushik
AU - Saurabh,
AU - Savolainen, Tuomas
AU - Peter Schloerb, F.
AU - Schonfeld, Jonathan
AU - Schuster, Karl Friedrich
AU - Shao, Lijing
AU - Shen, Zhiqiang
AU - Silpa, Sasikumar
AU - Small, Des
AU - Won Sohn, Bong
AU - Soohoo, Jason
AU - Salas, León D.S.
AU - Souccar, Kamal
AU - Stanway, Joshua S.
AU - Sun, He
AU - Tazaki, Fumie
AU - Tetarenko, Alexandra J.
AU - Tiede, Paul
AU - Tilanus, Remo P.J.
AU - Titus, Michael
AU - Toma, Kenji
AU - Torne, Pablo
AU - Toscano, Teresa
AU - Traianou, Efthalia
AU - Trent, Tyler
AU - Trippe, Sascha
AU - Turk, Matthew
AU - Van Bemmel, Ilse
AU - Van Langevelde, Huib Jan
AU - Van Rossum, Daniel R.
AU - Vos, Jesse
AU - Wagner, Jan
AU - Ward-Thompson, Derek
AU - Wardle, John
AU - Washington, Jasmin E.
AU - Weintroub, Jonathan
AU - Wharton, Robert
AU - Wielgus, MacIek
AU - Wiik, Kaj
AU - Witzel, Gunther
AU - Wondrak, Michael F.
AU - Wong, George N.
AU - Wu, Qingwen
AU - Yadlapalli, Nitika
AU - Yamaguchi, Paul
AU - Yfantis, Aristomenis
AU - Yoon, Doosoo
AU - Young, André
AU - Younsi, Ziri
AU - Yu, Wei
AU - Yuan, Feng
AU - Yuan, Ye Fei
AU - Anton Zensus, J.
AU - Zhang, Shuo
AU - Zhao, Guang Yao
AU - Zhao, Shan Shan
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.
PY - 2025/7/1
Y1 - 2025/7/1
N2 - Aims. We investigated the polarization and Faraday properties of Messier 87 (M87) and seven other radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at _0.87mm (345 GHz) using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Our goal was to characterize the linear polarization (LP) fractions, measure Faraday rotation measures (RMs), and examine the magnetic field structures in the emission regions of these AGNs. Methods. We conducted full-polarization observations as part of the ALMA Band 7 very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) commissioning during the April 2021 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) campaign. We analyzed the LP fractions and RMs to assess the nature of Faraday screens and magnetic fields in the submillimeter emission regions. Results. We find LP fractions between 1% and 17% and RMs exceeding 105 radm-2, which are 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than typically observed at longer wavelengths (λ > 3 mm). This suggests denser Faraday screens or stronger magnetic fields. Additionally, we present the first submillimeter polarized images of the M87 jet and the observed AGNs, revealing RM gradients and sign reversals in the M87 jet indicative of a kiloparsec-scale helical magnetic field structure. Conclusions. Our results provide essential constraints for calibrating, analyzing, and interpreting VLBI data from the EHT at 345 GHz, representing a critical step toward submillimeter VLBI imaging.
AB - Aims. We investigated the polarization and Faraday properties of Messier 87 (M87) and seven other radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at _0.87mm (345 GHz) using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Our goal was to characterize the linear polarization (LP) fractions, measure Faraday rotation measures (RMs), and examine the magnetic field structures in the emission regions of these AGNs. Methods. We conducted full-polarization observations as part of the ALMA Band 7 very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) commissioning during the April 2021 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) campaign. We analyzed the LP fractions and RMs to assess the nature of Faraday screens and magnetic fields in the submillimeter emission regions. Results. We find LP fractions between 1% and 17% and RMs exceeding 105 radm-2, which are 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than typically observed at longer wavelengths (λ > 3 mm). This suggests denser Faraday screens or stronger magnetic fields. Additionally, we present the first submillimeter polarized images of the M87 jet and the observed AGNs, revealing RM gradients and sign reversals in the M87 jet indicative of a kiloparsec-scale helical magnetic field structure. Conclusions. Our results provide essential constraints for calibrating, analyzing, and interpreting VLBI data from the EHT at 345 GHz, representing a critical step toward submillimeter VLBI imaging.
KW - Black hole physics
KW - Instrumentation: interferometers
KW - Instrumentation: polarimeters
KW - Magnetic fields
KW - Polarization
KW - Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105011594266
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105011594266#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202554140
DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202554140
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105011594266
SN - 0004-6361
VL - 699
JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics
JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics
M1 - A265
ER -