First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring

Kazunori Akiyama; Juan Carlos Algaba; Antxon Alberdi; Walter Alef; Richard Anantua; Keiichi Asada; Rebecca Azulay; Anne Kathrin Baczko; David Ball; Mislav Baloković; John Barrett; Bradford A. Benson; Dan Bintley; Lindy Blackburn; Raymond Blundell; Wilfred Boland; Katherine L. Bouman; Geoffrey C. Bower; Hope Boyce; Michael Bremer; Christiaan D. Brinkerink; Roger Brissenden; Silke Britzen; Avery E. Broderick; Dominique Broguiere; Thomas Bronzwaer; Do Young Byun; John E. Carlstrom; Andrew Chael; Chi Kwan Chan; Shami Chatterjee; Koushik Chatterjee; Ming Tang Chen; Yongjun Chen; Paul M. Chesler; Ilje Cho; Pierre Christian; John E. Conway; James M. Cordes; Thomas M. Crawford; Geoffrey B. Crew; Alejandro Cruz-Osorio; Yuzhu Cui; Jordy Davelaar; Mariafelicia De Laurentis; Roger Deane; Jessica Dempsey; Gregory Desvignes; Jason Dexter; Sheperd S. Doeleman; Ralph P. Eatough; Heino Falcke; Joseph Farah; Vincent L. Fish; Ed Fomalont; H. Alyson Ford; Raquel Fraga-Encinas; William T. Freeman; Per Friberg; Christian M. Fromm; Antonio Fuentes; Peter Galison; Charles F. Gammie; Roberto Garciá; Olivier Gentaz; Boris Georgiev; Ciriaco Goddi; Roman Gold; José L. Gómez; Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz; Minfeng Gu; Mark Gurwell; Kazuhiro Hada; Daryl Haggard; Michael H. Hecht; Ronald Hesper; Luis C. Ho; Paul Ho; Mareki Honma; Chih Wei L. Huang; Lei Huang; David H. Hughes; Shiro Ikeda; Makoto Inoue; Sara Issaoun; David J. James; Buell T. Jannuzi; Michael Janssen; Britton Jeter; Wu Jiang; Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales; Michael D. Johnson; Svetlana Jorstad; Taehyun Jung; Mansour Karami; Ramesh Karuppusamy; Tomohisa Kawashima; Garrett K. Keating; Mark Kettenis; Dong Jin Kim; Jae Young Kim; Jongsoo Kim; Junhan Kim; Motoki Kino; Jun Yi Koay; Yutaro Kofuji; Patrick M. Koch; Shoko Koyama; Michael Kramer; Carsten Kramer; Thomas P. Krichbaum; Cheng Yu Kuo; Tod R. Lauer; Sang Sung Lee; Aviad Levis; Yan Rong Li; Zhiyuan Li; Michael Lindqvist; Rocco Lico; Greg Lindahl; Jun Liu; Kuo Liu; Elisabetta Liuzzo; Wen Ping Lo; Andrei P. Lobanov; Laurent Loinard; Colin Lonsdale; Ru Sen Lu; Nicholas R. Macdonald; Jirong Mao; Nicola Marchili; Sera Markoff; Daniel P. Marrone; Alan P. Marscher; Iván Martí-Vidal; Satoki Matsushita; Lynn D. Matthews; Lia Medeiros; Karl M. Menten; Izumi Mizuno; Yosuke Mizuno; James M. Moran; Kotaro Moriyama; Monika Moscibrodzka; Cornelia Müller; Gibwa Musoke; Alejandro Mus Mejiás; Daniel Michalik; Andrew Nadolski; Hiroshi Nagai; Neil M. Nagar; Masanori Nakamura; Ramesh Narayan; Gopal Narayanan; Iniyan Natarajan; Antonios Nathanail; Joey Neilsen; Roberto Neri; Chunchong Ni; Aristeidis Noutsos; Michael A. Nowak; Hiroki Okino; Héctor Olivares; Gisela N. Ortiz-León; Tomoaki Oyama; Feryal zel; Daniel C.M. Palumbo; Jongho Park; Nimesh Patel; Ue Li Pen; Dominic W. Pesce; Vincent Piétu; Richard Plambeck; Aleksandar Popstefanija; Oliver Porth; Felix M. Pötzl; Ben Prather; Jorge A. Preciado-López; Dimitrios Psaltis; Hung Yi Pu; Venkatessh Ramakrishnan; Ramprasad Rao; Mark G. Rawlings; Alexander W. Raymond; Luciano Rezzolla; Angelo Ricarte; Bart Ripperda; Freek Roelofs; Alan Rogers; Eduardo Ros; Mel Rose; Arash Roshanineshat; Helge Rottmann; Alan L. Roy; Chet Ruszczyk; Kazi L.J. Rygl; Salvador Sánchez; David Sánchez-Arguelles; Mahito Sasada; Tuomas Savolainen; F. Peter Schloerb; Karl Friedrich Schuster; Lijing Shao; Zhiqiang Shen; Des Small; Bong Won Sohn; Jason Soohoo; He Sun; Fumie Tazaki; Alexandra J. Tetarenko; Paul Tiede; Remo P.J. Tilanus; Michael Titus; Kenji Toma; Pablo Torne; Tyler Trent; Efthalia Traianou; Sascha Trippe; Ilse Van Bemmel; Huib Jan Van Langevelde; Daniel R. Van Rossum; Jan Wagner; Derek Ward-Thompson; John Wardle; Jonathan Weintroub; Norbert Wex; Robert Wharton; Maciek Wielgus; George N. Wong; Qingwen Wu; Doosoo Yoon; André Young; Ken Young; Ziri Younsi; Feng Yuan; Ye Fei Yuan; J. Anton Zensus; Guang Yao Zhao; Shan Shan Zhao

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abe71d

First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring

Kazunori Akiyama, Juan Carlos Algaba, Antxon Alberdi, Walter Alef, Richard Anantua, Keiichi Asada, Rebecca Azulay, Anne Kathrin Baczko, David Ball, Mislav Baloković, John Barrett, Bradford A. Benson, Dan Bintley, Lindy Blackburn, Raymond Blundell, Wilfred Boland, Katherine L. Bouman, Geoffrey C. Bower, Hope Boyce, Michael BremerChristiaan D. Brinkerink, Roger Brissenden, Silke Britzen, Avery E. Broderick, Dominique Broguiere, Thomas Bronzwaer, Do Young Byun, John E. Carlstrom, Andrew Chael, Chi Kwan Chan, Shami Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Ming Tang Chen, Yongjun Chen, Paul M. Chesler, Ilje Cho, Pierre Christian, John E. Conway, James M. Cordes, Thomas M. Crawford, Geoffrey B. Crew, Alejandro Cruz-Osorio, Yuzhu Cui, Jordy Davelaar, Mariafelicia De Laurentis, Roger Deane, Jessica Dempsey, Gregory Desvignes, Jason Dexter, Sheperd S. Doeleman, Ralph P. Eatough, Heino Falcke, Joseph Farah, Vincent L. Fish, Ed Fomalont, H. Alyson Ford, Raquel Fraga-Encinas, William T. Freeman, Per Friberg, Christian M. Fromm, Antonio Fuentes, Peter Galison, Charles F. Gammie, Roberto Garciá, Olivier Gentaz, Boris Georgiev, Ciriaco Goddi, Roman Gold, José L. Gómez, Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz, Minfeng Gu, Mark Gurwell, Kazuhiro Hada, Daryl Haggard, Michael H. Hecht, Ronald Hesper, Luis C. Ho, Paul Ho, Mareki Honma, Chih Wei L. Huang, Lei Huang, David H. Hughes, Shiro Ikeda, Makoto Inoue, Sara Issaoun, David J. James, Buell T. Jannuzi, Michael Janssen, Britton Jeter, Wu Jiang, Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales, Michael D. Johnson, Svetlana Jorstad, Taehyun Jung, Mansour Karami, Ramesh Karuppusamy, Tomohisa Kawashima, Garrett K. Keating, Mark Kettenis, Dong Jin Kim, Jae Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kim, Motoki Kino, Jun Yi Koay, Yutaro Kofuji, Patrick M. Koch, Shoko Koyama, Michael Kramer, Carsten Kramer, Thomas P. Krichbaum, Cheng Yu Kuo, Tod R. Lauer, Sang Sung Lee, Aviad Levis, Yan Rong Li, Zhiyuan Li, Michael Lindqvist, Rocco Lico, Greg Lindahl, Jun Liu, Kuo Liu, Elisabetta Liuzzo, Wen Ping Lo, Andrei P. Lobanov, Laurent Loinard, Colin Lonsdale, Ru Sen Lu, Nicholas R. Macdonald, Jirong Mao, Nicola Marchili, Sera Markoff, Daniel P. Marrone, Alan P. Marscher, Iván Martí-Vidal, Satoki Matsushita, Lynn D. Matthews, Lia Medeiros, Karl M. Menten, Izumi Mizuno, Yosuke Mizuno, James M. Moran, Kotaro Moriyama, Monika Moscibrodzka, Cornelia Müller, Gibwa Musoke, Alejandro Mus Mejiás, Daniel Michalik, Andrew Nadolski, Hiroshi Nagai, Neil M. Nagar, Masanori Nakamura, Ramesh Narayan, Gopal Narayanan, Iniyan Natarajan, Antonios Nathanail, Joey Neilsen, Roberto Neri, Chunchong Ni, Aristeidis Noutsos, Michael A. Nowak, Hiroki Okino, Héctor Olivares, Gisela N. Ortiz-León, Tomoaki Oyama, Feryal zel, Daniel C.M. Palumbo, Jongho Park, Nimesh Patel, Ue Li Pen, Dominic W. Pesce, Vincent Piétu, Richard Plambeck, Aleksandar Popstefanija, Oliver Porth, Felix M. Pötzl, Ben Prather, Jorge A. Preciado-López, Dimitrios Psaltis, Hung Yi Pu, Venkatessh Ramakrishnan, Ramprasad Rao, Mark G. Rawlings, Alexander W. Raymond, Luciano Rezzolla, Angelo Ricarte, Bart Ripperda, Freek Roelofs, Alan Rogers, Eduardo Ros, Mel Rose, Arash Roshanineshat, Helge Rottmann, Alan L. Roy, Chet Ruszczyk, Kazi L.J. Rygl, Salvador Sánchez, David Sánchez-Arguelles, Mahito Sasada, Tuomas Savolainen, F. Peter Schloerb, Karl Friedrich Schuster, Lijing Shao, Zhiqiang Shen, Des Small, Bong Won Sohn, Jason Soohoo, He Sun, Fumie Tazaki, Alexandra J. Tetarenko, Paul Tiede, Remo P.J. Tilanus, Michael Titus, Kenji Toma, Pablo Torne, Tyler Trent, Efthalia Traianou, Sascha Trippe, Ilse Van Bemmel, Huib Jan Van Langevelde, Daniel R. Van Rossum, Jan Wagner, Derek Ward-Thompson, John Wardle, Jonathan Weintroub, Norbert Wex, Robert Wharton, Maciek Wielgus, George N. Wong, Qingwen Wu, Doosoo Yoon, André Young, Ken Young, Ziri Younsi, Feng Yuan, Ye Fei Yuan, J. Anton Zensus, Guang Yao Zhao, Shan Shan Zhao

Department of Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

219 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In 2017 April, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the near-horizon region around the supermassive black hole at the core of the M87 galaxy. These 1.3 mm wavelength observations revealed a compact asymmetric ring-like source morphology. This structure originates from synchrotron emission produced by relativistic plasma located in the immediate vicinity of the black hole. Here we present the corresponding linear-polarimetric EHT images of the center of M87. We find that only a part of the ring is significantly polarized. The resolved fractional linear polarization has a maximum located in the southwest part of the ring, where it rises to the level of ∼15%. The polarization position angles are arranged in a nearly azimuthal pattern. We perform quantitative measurements of relevant polarimetric properties of the compact emission and find evidence for the temporal evolution of the polarized source structure over one week of EHT observations. The details of the polarimetric data reduction and calibration methodology are provided. We carry out the data analysis using multiple independent imaging and modeling techniques, each of which is validated against a suite of synthetic data sets. The gross polarimetric structure and its apparent evolution with time are insensitive to the method used to reconstruct the image. These polarimetric images carry information about the structure of the magnetic fields responsible for the synchrotron emission. Their physical interpretation is discussed in an accompanying publication.

Original language	English
Article number	L12
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	910
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abe71d
Publication status	Published - 2021 Mar 20

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Access to Document

10.3847/2041-8213/abe71d

Cite this

Akiyama, K., Algaba, J. C., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Anantua, R., Asada, K., Azulay, R., Baczko, A. K., Ball, D., Baloković, M., Barrett, J., Benson, B. A., Bintley, D., Blackburn, L., Blundell, R., Boland, W., Bouman, K. L., Bower, G. C., Boyce, H., ... Zhao, S. S. (2021). First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 910(1), Article L12. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abe71d

Akiyama, K, Algaba, JC, Alberdi, A, Alef, W, Anantua, R, Asada, K, Azulay, R, Baczko, AK, Ball, D, Baloković, M, Barrett, J, Benson, BA, Bintley, D, Blackburn, L, Blundell, R, Boland, W, Bouman, KL, Bower, GC, Boyce, H, Bremer, M, Brinkerink, CD, Brissenden, R, Britzen, S, Broderick, AE, Broguiere, D, Bronzwaer, T, Byun, DY, Carlstrom, JE, Chael, A, Chan, CK, Chatterjee, S, Chatterjee, K, Chen, MT, Chen, Y, Chesler, PM, Cho, I, Christian, P, Conway, JE, Cordes, JM, Crawford, TM, Crew, GB, Cruz-Osorio, A, Cui, Y, Davelaar, J, De Laurentis, M, Deane, R, Dempsey, J, Desvignes, G, Dexter, J, Doeleman, SS, Eatough, RP, Falcke, H, Farah, J, Fish, VL, Fomalont, E, Ford, HA, Fraga-Encinas, R, Freeman, WT, Friberg, P, Fromm, CM, Fuentes, A, Galison, P, Gammie, CF, Garciá, R, Gentaz, O, Georgiev, B, Goddi, C, Gold, R, Gómez, JL, Gómez-Ruiz, AI, Gu, M, Gurwell, M, Hada, K, Haggard, D, Hecht, MH, Hesper, R, Ho, LC, Ho, P, Honma, M, Huang, CWL, Huang, L, Hughes, DH, Ikeda, S, Inoue, M, Issaoun, S, James, DJ, Jannuzi, BT, Janssen, M, Jeter, B, Jiang, W, Jimenez-Rosales, A, Johnson, MD, Jorstad, S, Jung, T, Karami, M, Karuppusamy, R, Kawashima, T, Keating, GK, Kettenis, M, Kim, DJ, Kim, JY, Kim, J, Kim, J, Kino, M, Koay, JY, Kofuji, Y, Koch, PM, Koyama, S, Kramer, M, Kramer, C, Krichbaum, TP, Kuo, CY, Lauer, TR, Lee, SS, Levis, A, Li, YR, Li, Z, Lindqvist, M, Lico, R, Lindahl, G, Liu, J, Liu, K, Liuzzo, E, Lo, WP, Lobanov, AP, Loinard, L, Lonsdale, C, Lu, RS, Macdonald, NR, Mao, J, Marchili, N, Markoff, S, Marrone, DP, Marscher, AP, Martí-Vidal, I, Matsushita, S, Matthews, LD, Medeiros, L, Menten, KM, Mizuno, I, Mizuno, Y, Moran, JM, Moriyama, K, Moscibrodzka, M, Müller, C, Musoke, G, Mejiás, AM, Michalik, D, Nadolski, A, Nagai, H, Nagar, NM, Nakamura, M, Narayan, R, Narayanan, G, Natarajan, I, Nathanail, A, Neilsen, J, Neri, R, Ni, C, Noutsos, A, Nowak, MA, Okino, H, Olivares, H, Ortiz-León, GN, Oyama, T, zel, F, Palumbo, DCM, Park, J, Patel, N, Pen, UL, Pesce, DW, Piétu, V, Plambeck, R, Popstefanija, A, Porth, O, Pötzl, FM, Prather, B, Preciado-López, JA, Psaltis, D, Pu, HY, Ramakrishnan, V, Rao, R, Rawlings, MG, Raymond, AW, Rezzolla, L, Ricarte, A, Ripperda, B, Roelofs, F, Rogers, A, Ros, E, Rose, M, Roshanineshat, A, Rottmann, H, Roy, AL, Ruszczyk, C, Rygl, KLJ, Sánchez, S, Sánchez-Arguelles, D, Sasada, M, Savolainen, T, Schloerb, FP, Schuster, KF, Shao, L, Shen, Z, Small, D, Sohn, BW, Soohoo, J, Sun, H, Tazaki, F, Tetarenko, AJ, Tiede, P, Tilanus, RPJ, Titus, M, Toma, K, Torne, P, Trent, T, Traianou, E, Trippe, S, Bemmel, IV, Van Langevelde, HJ, Van Rossum, DR, Wagner, J, Ward-Thompson, D, Wardle, J, Weintroub, J, Wex, N, Wharton, R, Wielgus, M, Wong, GN, Wu, Q, Yoon, D, Young, A, Young, K, Younsi, Z, Yuan, F, Yuan, YF, Zensus, JA, Zhao, GY & Zhao, SS 2021, 'First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 910, no. 1, L12. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abe71d

@article{be493ec69db547d8abf41fc9c8a124ac,

title = "First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring",

abstract = "In 2017 April, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the near-horizon region around the supermassive black hole at the core of the M87 galaxy. These 1.3 mm wavelength observations revealed a compact asymmetric ring-like source morphology. This structure originates from synchrotron emission produced by relativistic plasma located in the immediate vicinity of the black hole. Here we present the corresponding linear-polarimetric EHT images of the center of M87. We find that only a part of the ring is significantly polarized. The resolved fractional linear polarization has a maximum located in the southwest part of the ring, where it rises to the level of ∼15%. The polarization position angles are arranged in a nearly azimuthal pattern. We perform quantitative measurements of relevant polarimetric properties of the compact emission and find evidence for the temporal evolution of the polarized source structure over one week of EHT observations. The details of the polarimetric data reduction and calibration methodology are provided. We carry out the data analysis using multiple independent imaging and modeling techniques, each of which is validated against a suite of synthetic data sets. The gross polarimetric structure and its apparent evolution with time are insensitive to the method used to reconstruct the image. These polarimetric images carry information about the structure of the magnetic fields responsible for the synchrotron emission. Their physical interpretation is discussed in an accompanying publication.",

author = "Kazunori Akiyama and Algaba, {Juan Carlos} and Antxon Alberdi and Walter Alef and Richard Anantua and Keiichi Asada and Rebecca Azulay and Baczko, {Anne Kathrin} and David Ball and Mislav Balokovi{\'c} and John Barrett and Benson, {Bradford A.} and Dan Bintley and Lindy Blackburn and Raymond Blundell and Wilfred Boland and Bouman, {Katherine L.} and Bower, {Geoffrey C.} and Hope Boyce and Michael Bremer and Brinkerink, {Christiaan D.} and Roger Brissenden and Silke Britzen and Broderick, {Avery E.} and Dominique Broguiere and Thomas Bronzwaer and Byun, {Do Young} and Carlstrom, {John E.} and Andrew Chael and Chan, {Chi Kwan} and Shami Chatterjee and Koushik Chatterjee and Chen, {Ming Tang} and Yongjun Chen and Chesler, {Paul M.} and Ilje Cho and Pierre Christian and Conway, {John E.} and Cordes, {James M.} and Crawford, {Thomas M.} and Crew, {Geoffrey B.} and Alejandro Cruz-Osorio and Yuzhu Cui and Jordy Davelaar and {De Laurentis}, Mariafelicia and Roger Deane and Jessica Dempsey and Gregory Desvignes and Jason Dexter and Doeleman, {Sheperd S.} and Eatough, {Ralph P.} and Heino Falcke and Joseph Farah and Fish, {Vincent L.} and Ed Fomalont and Ford, {H. Alyson} and Raquel Fraga-Encinas and Freeman, {William T.} and Per Friberg and Fromm, {Christian M.} and Antonio Fuentes and Peter Galison and Gammie, {Charles F.} and Roberto Garci{\'a} and Olivier Gentaz and Boris Georgiev and Ciriaco Goddi and Roman Gold and G{\'o}mez, {Jos{\'e} L.} and G{\'o}mez-Ruiz, {Arturo I.} and Minfeng Gu and Mark Gurwell and Kazuhiro Hada and Daryl Haggard and Hecht, {Michael H.} and Ronald Hesper and Ho, {Luis C.} and Paul Ho and Mareki Honma and Huang, {Chih Wei L.} and Lei Huang and Hughes, {David H.} and Shiro Ikeda and Makoto Inoue and Sara Issaoun and James, {David J.} and Jannuzi, {Buell T.} and Michael Janssen and Britton Jeter and Wu Jiang and Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales and Johnson, {Michael D.} and Svetlana Jorstad and Taehyun Jung and Mansour Karami and Ramesh Karuppusamy and Tomohisa Kawashima and Keating, {Garrett K.} and Mark Kettenis and Kim, {Dong Jin} and Kim, {Jae Young} and Jongsoo Kim and Junhan Kim and Motoki Kino and Koay, {Jun Yi} and Yutaro Kofuji and Koch, {Patrick M.} and Shoko Koyama and Michael Kramer and Carsten Kramer and Krichbaum, {Thomas P.} and Kuo, {Cheng Yu} and Lauer, {Tod R.} and Lee, {Sang Sung} and Aviad Levis and Li, {Yan Rong} and Zhiyuan Li and Michael Lindqvist and Rocco Lico and Greg Lindahl and Jun Liu and Kuo Liu and Elisabetta Liuzzo and Lo, {Wen Ping} and Lobanov, {Andrei P.} and Laurent Loinard and Colin Lonsdale and Lu, {Ru Sen} and Macdonald, {Nicholas R.} and Jirong Mao and Nicola Marchili and Sera Markoff and Marrone, {Daniel P.} and Marscher, {Alan P.} and Iv{\'a}n Mart{\'i}-Vidal and Satoki Matsushita and Matthews, {Lynn D.} and Lia Medeiros and Menten, {Karl M.} and Izumi Mizuno and Yosuke Mizuno and Moran, {James M.} and Kotaro Moriyama and Monika Moscibrodzka and Cornelia M{\"u}ller and Gibwa Musoke and Meji{\'a}s, {Alejandro Mus} and Daniel Michalik and Andrew Nadolski and Hiroshi Nagai and Nagar, {Neil M.} and Masanori Nakamura and Ramesh Narayan and Gopal Narayanan and Iniyan Natarajan and Antonios Nathanail and Joey Neilsen and Roberto Neri and Chunchong Ni and Aristeidis Noutsos and Nowak, {Michael A.} and Hiroki Okino and H{\'e}ctor Olivares and Ortiz-Le{\'o}n, {Gisela N.} and Tomoaki Oyama and Feryal zel and Palumbo, {Daniel C.M.} and Jongho Park and Nimesh Patel and Pen, {Ue Li} and Pesce, {Dominic W.} and Vincent Pi{\'e}tu and Richard Plambeck and Aleksandar Popstefanija and Oliver Porth and P{\"o}tzl, {Felix M.} and Ben Prather and Preciado-L{\'o}pez, {Jorge A.} and Dimitrios Psaltis and Pu, {Hung Yi} and Venkatessh Ramakrishnan and Ramprasad Rao and Rawlings, {Mark G.} and Raymond, {Alexander W.} and Luciano Rezzolla and Angelo Ricarte and Bart Ripperda and Freek Roelofs and Alan Rogers and Eduardo Ros and Mel Rose and Arash Roshanineshat and Helge Rottmann and Roy, {Alan L.} and Chet Ruszczyk and Rygl, {Kazi L.J.} and Salvador S{\'a}nchez and David S{\'a}nchez-Arguelles and Mahito Sasada and Tuomas Savolainen and Schloerb, {F. Peter} and Schuster, {Karl Friedrich} and Lijing Shao and Zhiqiang Shen and Des Small and Sohn, {Bong Won} and Jason Soohoo and He Sun and Fumie Tazaki and Tetarenko, {Alexandra J.} and Paul Tiede and Tilanus, {Remo P.J.} and Michael Titus and Kenji Toma and Pablo Torne and Tyler Trent and Efthalia Traianou and Sascha Trippe and Bemmel, {Ilse Van} and {Van Langevelde}, {Huib Jan} and {Van Rossum}, {Daniel R.} and Jan Wagner and Derek Ward-Thompson and John Wardle and Jonathan Weintroub and Norbert Wex and Robert Wharton and Maciek Wielgus and Wong, {George N.} and Qingwen Wu and Doosoo Yoon and Andr{\'e} Young and Ken Young and Ziri Younsi and Feng Yuan and Yuan, {Ye Fei} and Zensus, {J. Anton} and Zhao, {Guang Yao} and Zhao, {Shan Shan}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society..",

year = "2021",

month = mar,

day = "20",

doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/abe71d",

language = "English",

volume = "910",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring

AU - Akiyama, Kazunori

AU - Algaba, Juan Carlos

AU - Alberdi, Antxon

AU - Alef, Walter

AU - Anantua, Richard

AU - Asada, Keiichi

AU - Azulay, Rebecca

AU - Baczko, Anne Kathrin

AU - Ball, David

AU - Baloković, Mislav

AU - Barrett, John

AU - Benson, Bradford A.

AU - Bintley, Dan

AU - Blackburn, Lindy

AU - Blundell, Raymond

AU - Boland, Wilfred

AU - Bouman, Katherine L.

AU - Bower, Geoffrey C.

AU - Boyce, Hope

AU - Bremer, Michael

AU - Brinkerink, Christiaan D.

AU - Brissenden, Roger

AU - Britzen, Silke

AU - Broderick, Avery E.

AU - Broguiere, Dominique

AU - Bronzwaer, Thomas

AU - Byun, Do Young

AU - Carlstrom, John E.

AU - Chael, Andrew

AU - Chan, Chi Kwan

AU - Chatterjee, Shami

AU - Chatterjee, Koushik

AU - Chen, Ming Tang

AU - Chen, Yongjun

AU - Chesler, Paul M.

AU - Cho, Ilje

AU - Christian, Pierre

AU - Conway, John E.

AU - Cordes, James M.

AU - Crawford, Thomas M.

AU - Crew, Geoffrey B.

AU - Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro

AU - Cui, Yuzhu

AU - Davelaar, Jordy

AU - De Laurentis, Mariafelicia

AU - Deane, Roger

AU - Dempsey, Jessica

AU - Desvignes, Gregory

AU - Dexter, Jason

AU - Doeleman, Sheperd S.

AU - Eatough, Ralph P.

AU - Falcke, Heino

AU - Farah, Joseph

AU - Fish, Vincent L.

AU - Fomalont, Ed

AU - Ford, H. Alyson

AU - Fraga-Encinas, Raquel

AU - Freeman, William T.

AU - Friberg, Per

AU - Fromm, Christian M.

AU - Fuentes, Antonio

AU - Galison, Peter

AU - Gammie, Charles F.

AU - Garciá, Roberto

AU - Gentaz, Olivier

AU - Georgiev, Boris

AU - Goddi, Ciriaco

AU - Gold, Roman

AU - Gómez, José L.

AU - Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I.

AU - Gu, Minfeng

AU - Gurwell, Mark

AU - Hada, Kazuhiro

AU - Haggard, Daryl

AU - Hecht, Michael H.

AU - Hesper, Ronald

AU - Ho, Luis C.

AU - Ho, Paul

AU - Honma, Mareki

AU - Huang, Chih Wei L.

AU - Huang, Lei

AU - Hughes, David H.

AU - Ikeda, Shiro

AU - Inoue, Makoto

AU - Issaoun, Sara

AU - James, David J.

AU - Jannuzi, Buell T.

AU - Janssen, Michael

AU - Jeter, Britton

AU - Jiang, Wu

AU - Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra

AU - Johnson, Michael D.

AU - Jorstad, Svetlana

AU - Jung, Taehyun

AU - Karami, Mansour

AU - Karuppusamy, Ramesh

AU - Kawashima, Tomohisa

AU - Keating, Garrett K.

AU - Kettenis, Mark

AU - Kim, Dong Jin

AU - Kim, Jae Young

AU - Kim, Jongsoo

AU - Kim, Junhan

AU - Kino, Motoki

AU - Koay, Jun Yi

AU - Kofuji, Yutaro

AU - Koch, Patrick M.

AU - Koyama, Shoko

AU - Kramer, Michael

AU - Kramer, Carsten

AU - Krichbaum, Thomas P.

AU - Kuo, Cheng Yu

AU - Lauer, Tod R.

AU - Lee, Sang Sung

AU - Levis, Aviad

AU - Li, Yan Rong

AU - Li, Zhiyuan

AU - Lindqvist, Michael

AU - Lico, Rocco

AU - Lindahl, Greg

AU - Liu, Jun

AU - Liu, Kuo

AU - Liuzzo, Elisabetta

AU - Lo, Wen Ping

AU - Lobanov, Andrei P.

AU - Loinard, Laurent

AU - Lonsdale, Colin

AU - Lu, Ru Sen

AU - Macdonald, Nicholas R.

AU - Mao, Jirong

AU - Marchili, Nicola

AU - Markoff, Sera

AU - Marrone, Daniel P.

AU - Marscher, Alan P.

AU - Martí-Vidal, Iván

AU - Matsushita, Satoki

AU - Matthews, Lynn D.

AU - Medeiros, Lia

AU - Menten, Karl M.

AU - Mizuno, Izumi

AU - Mizuno, Yosuke

AU - Moran, James M.

AU - Moriyama, Kotaro

AU - Moscibrodzka, Monika

AU - Müller, Cornelia

AU - Musoke, Gibwa

AU - Mejiás, Alejandro Mus

AU - Michalik, Daniel

AU - Nadolski, Andrew

AU - Nagai, Hiroshi

AU - Nagar, Neil M.

AU - Nakamura, Masanori

AU - Narayan, Ramesh

AU - Narayanan, Gopal

AU - Natarajan, Iniyan

AU - Nathanail, Antonios

AU - Neilsen, Joey

AU - Neri, Roberto

AU - Ni, Chunchong

AU - Noutsos, Aristeidis

AU - Nowak, Michael A.

AU - Okino, Hiroki

AU - Olivares, Héctor

AU - Ortiz-León, Gisela N.

AU - Oyama, Tomoaki

AU - zel, Feryal

AU - Palumbo, Daniel C.M.

AU - Park, Jongho

AU - Patel, Nimesh

AU - Pen, Ue Li

AU - Pesce, Dominic W.

AU - Piétu, Vincent

AU - Plambeck, Richard

AU - Popstefanija, Aleksandar

AU - Porth, Oliver

AU - Pötzl, Felix M.

AU - Prather, Ben

AU - Preciado-López, Jorge A.

AU - Psaltis, Dimitrios

AU - Pu, Hung Yi

AU - Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh

AU - Rao, Ramprasad

AU - Rawlings, Mark G.

AU - Raymond, Alexander W.

AU - Rezzolla, Luciano

AU - Ricarte, Angelo

AU - Ripperda, Bart

AU - Roelofs, Freek

AU - Rogers, Alan

AU - Ros, Eduardo

AU - Rose, Mel

AU - Roshanineshat, Arash

AU - Rottmann, Helge

AU - Roy, Alan L.

AU - Ruszczyk, Chet

AU - Rygl, Kazi L.J.

AU - Sánchez, Salvador

AU - Sánchez-Arguelles, David

AU - Sasada, Mahito

AU - Savolainen, Tuomas

AU - Schloerb, F. Peter

AU - Schuster, Karl Friedrich

AU - Shao, Lijing

AU - Shen, Zhiqiang

AU - Small, Des

AU - Sohn, Bong Won

AU - Soohoo, Jason

AU - Sun, He

AU - Tazaki, Fumie

AU - Tetarenko, Alexandra J.

AU - Tiede, Paul

AU - Tilanus, Remo P.J.

AU - Titus, Michael

AU - Toma, Kenji

AU - Torne, Pablo

AU - Trent, Tyler

AU - Traianou, Efthalia

AU - Trippe, Sascha

AU - Bemmel, Ilse Van

AU - Van Langevelde, Huib Jan

AU - Van Rossum, Daniel R.

AU - Wagner, Jan

AU - Ward-Thompson, Derek

AU - Wardle, John

AU - Weintroub, Jonathan

AU - Wex, Norbert

AU - Wharton, Robert

AU - Wielgus, Maciek

AU - Wong, George N.

AU - Wu, Qingwen

AU - Yoon, Doosoo

AU - Young, André

AU - Young, Ken

AU - Younsi, Ziri

AU - Yuan, Feng

AU - Yuan, Ye Fei

AU - Zensus, J. Anton

AU - Zhao, Guang Yao

AU - Zhao, Shan Shan

PY - 2021/3/20

Y1 - 2021/3/20

N2 - In 2017 April, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the near-horizon region around the supermassive black hole at the core of the M87 galaxy. These 1.3 mm wavelength observations revealed a compact asymmetric ring-like source morphology. This structure originates from synchrotron emission produced by relativistic plasma located in the immediate vicinity of the black hole. Here we present the corresponding linear-polarimetric EHT images of the center of M87. We find that only a part of the ring is significantly polarized. The resolved fractional linear polarization has a maximum located in the southwest part of the ring, where it rises to the level of ∼15%. The polarization position angles are arranged in a nearly azimuthal pattern. We perform quantitative measurements of relevant polarimetric properties of the compact emission and find evidence for the temporal evolution of the polarized source structure over one week of EHT observations. The details of the polarimetric data reduction and calibration methodology are provided. We carry out the data analysis using multiple independent imaging and modeling techniques, each of which is validated against a suite of synthetic data sets. The gross polarimetric structure and its apparent evolution with time are insensitive to the method used to reconstruct the image. These polarimetric images carry information about the structure of the magnetic fields responsible for the synchrotron emission. Their physical interpretation is discussed in an accompanying publication.

AB - In 2017 April, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the near-horizon region around the supermassive black hole at the core of the M87 galaxy. These 1.3 mm wavelength observations revealed a compact asymmetric ring-like source morphology. This structure originates from synchrotron emission produced by relativistic plasma located in the immediate vicinity of the black hole. Here we present the corresponding linear-polarimetric EHT images of the center of M87. We find that only a part of the ring is significantly polarized. The resolved fractional linear polarization has a maximum located in the southwest part of the ring, where it rises to the level of ∼15%. The polarization position angles are arranged in a nearly azimuthal pattern. We perform quantitative measurements of relevant polarimetric properties of the compact emission and find evidence for the temporal evolution of the polarized source structure over one week of EHT observations. The details of the polarimetric data reduction and calibration methodology are provided. We carry out the data analysis using multiple independent imaging and modeling techniques, each of which is validated against a suite of synthetic data sets. The gross polarimetric structure and its apparent evolution with time are insensitive to the method used to reconstruct the image. These polarimetric images carry information about the structure of the magnetic fields responsible for the synchrotron emission. Their physical interpretation is discussed in an accompanying publication.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85103624099&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85103624099&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/abe71d

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/abe71d

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85103624099

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 910

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

IS - 1

M1 - L12

ER -

First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring

Abstract

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this