Exploring the impact of animation-based questionnaire on conducting a web-based educational survey and its association with vividness of respondents' visual images

The differences in students' responses between the traditional textual format such as text-based questionnaire (TBQ) and the innovative animation format (ABQ) were examined. The TBQ was developed to investigate college students' preferences of the future innovative science learning environment (FISLE). TBQ was scored on the 5-point Likert scale by choosing 1 through to 5 and reviewed by a panel of specialists including four science education researchers. Four animations were developed to visualize the key concepts of the survey questions. For assessing the vividness of students' visual images stimulated from the text descriptions of survey questions, this study developed a self-reported Vividness of Visual Imagery Scale (VVIS). The study detected a variance in the vividness of students' visual images that were stimulated from survey question descriptions, and it was found that this variance would influence the students' responses to survey questions.