TY - JOUR
T1 - Evolution of microstructures and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy weldment with active oxide fluxes and GTAW process
AU - Lin, Chun Ming
AU - Liu, Ju Jen
AU - Tsai, Hsien Lung
AU - Cheng, Ching Min
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the National Science Council of the Republic of China, Taiwan, for financially supporting this research under Contract No. NSC 95-2221-E-011-036 and NSC 96-2221-E011-072.
PY - 2011/12
Y1 - 2011/12
N2 - In this study, the effect of active oxide fluxes with gas tungsten arc welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy weldment was investigated. The gas tungsten arc welding process through a flux spray layer was applied to an AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet to produce a bead-on-plate specimen. Oxide (TiO2, SiO2, Fe 2O3, Al2O3, and ZrO2) powders were used as the activating fluxes. The macrographs and micrographs of the weld beads were examined using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The specimens with SiO2 and Fe2O3 fluxes had high depth-to-width ratio welds, followed by those with TiO 2 and ZrO2 fluxes and while that with Al2O 3 flux had the low ratio weld. The use of 70A welding current for the specimens with different fluxes produced complete penetration, whereas the specimen without any flux required a 90 A welding current to produce complete penetration. The weld bead microstructure was affected by the activating fluxes, which created different thermal effects that changed the convection direction and promoted the formation of various precipitates in the fusion zone during solidification. Three types of precipitates were found in the fusion zones, that is, a long layer-shaped TiAlMg precipitate with TiO2 flux, a spherical AlMgZn precipitate with Al2O3 flux, and an oval-shaped MgAlMn precipitate with all types of fluxes. The mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy were measured by tensile testing in the rolling direction. Fractures occurred in the fusion zone near the heat-affected zone interface of specimens welded with TiO2 flux, revealing a brittle fracture with trans-granular cleavage facets and a large number of small, bright dimples at the center. Such brittle fractures also occurred in the fusion zone of specimens welded with Al2O3, ZrO 2, SiO2, and Fe2O3 fluxes. Similarly, the specimens welded with Al2O3 exhibited a brittle fracture with trans-granular facets, whereas the other specimens revealed a brittle fracture with inter-granular cleavage facets.
AB - In this study, the effect of active oxide fluxes with gas tungsten arc welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy weldment was investigated. The gas tungsten arc welding process through a flux spray layer was applied to an AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet to produce a bead-on-plate specimen. Oxide (TiO2, SiO2, Fe 2O3, Al2O3, and ZrO2) powders were used as the activating fluxes. The macrographs and micrographs of the weld beads were examined using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The specimens with SiO2 and Fe2O3 fluxes had high depth-to-width ratio welds, followed by those with TiO 2 and ZrO2 fluxes and while that with Al2O 3 flux had the low ratio weld. The use of 70A welding current for the specimens with different fluxes produced complete penetration, whereas the specimen without any flux required a 90 A welding current to produce complete penetration. The weld bead microstructure was affected by the activating fluxes, which created different thermal effects that changed the convection direction and promoted the formation of various precipitates in the fusion zone during solidification. Three types of precipitates were found in the fusion zones, that is, a long layer-shaped TiAlMg precipitate with TiO2 flux, a spherical AlMgZn precipitate with Al2O3 flux, and an oval-shaped MgAlMn precipitate with all types of fluxes. The mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy were measured by tensile testing in the rolling direction. Fractures occurred in the fusion zone near the heat-affected zone interface of specimens welded with TiO2 flux, revealing a brittle fracture with trans-granular cleavage facets and a large number of small, bright dimples at the center. Such brittle fractures also occurred in the fusion zone of specimens welded with Al2O3, ZrO 2, SiO2, and Fe2O3 fluxes. Similarly, the specimens welded with Al2O3 exhibited a brittle fracture with trans-granular facets, whereas the other specimens revealed a brittle fracture with inter-granular cleavage facets.
KW - Active fluxes
KW - Fracture
KW - Magnesium alloy
KW - Mechanical property
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U2 - 10.1080/02533839.2011.618242
DO - 10.1080/02533839.2011.618242
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84860596846
SN - 0253-3839
VL - 34
SP - 1013
EP - 1023
JO - Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,Series A
JF - Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,Series A
IS - 8
ER -