Effects of Pre-Collegiate Sport Specialization on Cognitive, Postural, and Psychological Functions: Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium

Tsung Yeh Chou; Jaclyn B. Caccese; Yu Lun Huang; Joseph J. Glutting; Thomas A. Buckley; Steven P. Broglio; Thomas W. McAllister; Michael A. McCrea; Paul F. Pasquina; Thomas W. Kaminski

doi:10.3390/ijerph19042335

Effects of Pre-Collegiate Sport Specialization on Cognitive, Postural, and Psychological Functions: Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium

Tsung Yeh Chou, Jaclyn B. Caccese, Yu Lun Huang^*, Joseph J. Glutting, Thomas A. Buckley, Steven P. Broglio, Thomas W. McAllister, Michael A. McCrea, Paul F. Pasquina, Thomas W. Kaminski

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

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Abstract

Background: Early sport specialization has been associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries and unfavorable psychological outcomes; however, it is unknown whether sport specialization is associated with worse cognitive, postural, and psychological functions in first-year collegiate student-athletes. Methods: First-year collegiate multisport (MA) and single-sport (SA) student-athletes were identified using a pre-collegiate sport experience questionnaire. The cognitive, postural, and psychological functions were assessed by the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18). Results: MA student-athletes performed higher in cognitive outcomes (e.g., higher ImPACT visual memory composite scores [ß = 0.056, p < 0.001]), but had higher psychological distress (e.g., higher BSI-18 global severity index [ß = 0.057, p < 0.001]) and no difference in postural stability (p > 0.05) than SA student-athletes. Conclusions: This study indicated first-year collegiate athletes with a history of sport specialization demonstrate lower cognitive performance but decreased psychological distress and no differences in static postural stability as compared to their MA counterparts. Future studies should consider involving different health measures to better understand the influence of sport specialization on overall physical and mental health.

Original language	English
Article number	2335
Journal	International journal of environmental research and public health
Volume	19
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042335
Publication status	Published - 2022 Feb 1

Keywords

Balance
Cognition
Mental health
Sport sampling
Youth sport
Neuropsychological Tests
Brain Concussion/diagnosis
Athletes/psychology
Humans
Athletic Injuries/diagnosis
Postural Balance
Sports

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Pollution
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3390/ijerph19042335

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Chou, T. Y., Caccese, J. B., Huang, Y. L., Glutting, J. J., Buckley, T. A., Broglio, S. P., McAllister, T. W., McCrea, M. A., Pasquina, P. F., & Kaminski, T. W. (2022). Effects of Pre-Collegiate Sport Specialization on Cognitive, Postural, and Psychological Functions: Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(4), Article 2335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042335

Effects of Pre-Collegiate Sport Specialization on Cognitive, Postural, and Psychological Functions: Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium. / Chou, Tsung Yeh; Caccese, Jaclyn B.; Huang, Yu Lun et al.
In: International journal of environmental research and public health, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2335, 01.02.2022.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Chou, TY, Caccese, JB, Huang, YL, Glutting, JJ, Buckley, TA, Broglio, SP, McAllister, TW, McCrea, MA, Pasquina, PF & Kaminski, TW 2022, 'Effects of Pre-Collegiate Sport Specialization on Cognitive, Postural, and Psychological Functions: Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium', International journal of environmental research and public health, vol. 19, no. 4, 2335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042335

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title = "Effects of Pre-Collegiate Sport Specialization on Cognitive, Postural, and Psychological Functions: Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium",

abstract = "Background: Early sport specialization has been associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries and unfavorable psychological outcomes; however, it is unknown whether sport specialization is associated with worse cognitive, postural, and psychological functions in first-year collegiate student-athletes. Methods: First-year collegiate multisport (MA) and single-sport (SA) student-athletes were identified using a pre-collegiate sport experience questionnaire. The cognitive, postural, and psychological functions were assessed by the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18). Results: MA student-athletes performed higher in cognitive outcomes (e.g., higher ImPACT visual memory composite scores [{\ss} = 0.056, p < 0.001]), but had higher psychological distress (e.g., higher BSI-18 global severity index [{\ss} = 0.057, p < 0.001]) and no difference in postural stability (p > 0.05) than SA student-athletes. Conclusions: This study indicated first-year collegiate athletes with a history of sport specialization demonstrate lower cognitive performance but decreased psychological distress and no differences in static postural stability as compared to their MA counterparts. Future studies should consider involving different health measures to better understand the influence of sport specialization on overall physical and mental health.",

keywords = "Balance, Cognition, Mental health, Sport sampling, Youth sport, Neuropsychological Tests, Brain Concussion/diagnosis, Athletes/psychology, Humans, Athletic Injuries/diagnosis, Postural Balance, Sports",

author = "Chou, {Tsung Yeh} and Caccese, {Jaclyn B.} and Huang, {Yu Lun} and Glutting, {Joseph J.} and Buckley, {Thomas A.} and Broglio, {Steven P.} and McAllister, {Thomas W.} and McCrea, {Michael A.} and Pasquina, {Paul F.} and Kaminski, {Thomas W.}",

note = "Funding Information: This publication was made possible, in part, by support from the Grand Alliance CARE Consortium, funded by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Department of Defense (DoD). The USAMRAA, Fort Detrick, MD, USA, is the awarding and administering acquisition office. This work was supported by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs through the Combat Casualty Care Program, endorsed by the DoD under Award No. W81XWH-BA170608. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs. Funding Information: Funding: This publication was made possible, in part, by support from the Grand Alliance CARE Consortium, funded by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Department of Defense (DoD). The USAMRAA, Fort Detrick, MD, USA, is the awarding and administering acquisition office. This work was supported by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs through the Combat Casualty Care Program, endorsed by the DoD under Award No. W81XWH-BA170608. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

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doi = "10.3390/ijerph19042335",

language = "English",

volume = "19",

journal = "International journal of environmental research and public health",

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T2 - Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium

AU - Chou, Tsung Yeh

AU - Caccese, Jaclyn B.

AU - Huang, Yu Lun

AU - Glutting, Joseph J.

AU - Buckley, Thomas A.

AU - Broglio, Steven P.

AU - McAllister, Thomas W.

AU - McCrea, Michael A.

AU - Pasquina, Paul F.

AU - Kaminski, Thomas W.

N1 - Funding Information: This publication was made possible, in part, by support from the Grand Alliance CARE Consortium, funded by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Department of Defense (DoD). The USAMRAA, Fort Detrick, MD, USA, is the awarding and administering acquisition office. This work was supported by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs through the Combat Casualty Care Program, endorsed by the DoD under Award No. W81XWH-BA170608. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs. Funding Information: Funding: This publication was made possible, in part, by support from the Grand Alliance CARE Consortium, funded by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Department of Defense (DoD). The USAMRAA, Fort Detrick, MD, USA, is the awarding and administering acquisition office. This work was supported by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs through the Combat Casualty Care Program, endorsed by the DoD under Award No. W81XWH-BA170608. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2022/2/1

Y1 - 2022/2/1

N2 - Background: Early sport specialization has been associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries and unfavorable psychological outcomes; however, it is unknown whether sport specialization is associated with worse cognitive, postural, and psychological functions in first-year collegiate student-athletes. Methods: First-year collegiate multisport (MA) and single-sport (SA) student-athletes were identified using a pre-collegiate sport experience questionnaire. The cognitive, postural, and psychological functions were assessed by the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18). Results: MA student-athletes performed higher in cognitive outcomes (e.g., higher ImPACT visual memory composite scores [ß = 0.056, p < 0.001]), but had higher psychological distress (e.g., higher BSI-18 global severity index [ß = 0.057, p < 0.001]) and no difference in postural stability (p > 0.05) than SA student-athletes. Conclusions: This study indicated first-year collegiate athletes with a history of sport specialization demonstrate lower cognitive performance but decreased psychological distress and no differences in static postural stability as compared to their MA counterparts. Future studies should consider involving different health measures to better understand the influence of sport specialization on overall physical and mental health.

AB - Background: Early sport specialization has been associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries and unfavorable psychological outcomes; however, it is unknown whether sport specialization is associated with worse cognitive, postural, and psychological functions in first-year collegiate student-athletes. Methods: First-year collegiate multisport (MA) and single-sport (SA) student-athletes were identified using a pre-collegiate sport experience questionnaire. The cognitive, postural, and psychological functions were assessed by the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18). Results: MA student-athletes performed higher in cognitive outcomes (e.g., higher ImPACT visual memory composite scores [ß = 0.056, p < 0.001]), but had higher psychological distress (e.g., higher BSI-18 global severity index [ß = 0.057, p < 0.001]) and no difference in postural stability (p > 0.05) than SA student-athletes. Conclusions: This study indicated first-year collegiate athletes with a history of sport specialization demonstrate lower cognitive performance but decreased psychological distress and no differences in static postural stability as compared to their MA counterparts. Future studies should consider involving different health measures to better understand the influence of sport specialization on overall physical and mental health.

KW - Balance

KW - Cognition

KW - Mental health

KW - Sport sampling

KW - Youth sport

KW - Neuropsychological Tests

KW - Brain Concussion/diagnosis

KW - Athletes/psychology

KW - Humans

KW - Athletic Injuries/diagnosis

KW - Postural Balance

KW - Sports

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Effects of Pre-Collegiate Sport Specialization on Cognitive, Postural, and Psychological Functions: Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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