TY - JOUR
T1 - Co-ingestion of whey protein hydrolysate with milk minerals rich in calcium potently stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion
T2 - an RCT in healthy adults
AU - Chen, Yung Chih
AU - Smith, Harry A.
AU - Hengist, Aaron
AU - Chrzanowski-Smith, Oliver J.
AU - Mikkelsen, Ulla Ramer
AU - Carroll, Harriet A.
AU - Betts, James A.
AU - Thompson, Dylan
AU - Saunders, John
AU - Gonzalez, Javier T.
N1 - Funding Information:
Y.C.C., H.A.S., A.H., O.C.S., D.T., and J.S. have no conflicts of interest to declare. U.R.M. is an employee of Arla Foods Ingredients who produce and sell milk minerals enriched in calcium and whey protein hydrolysate. H.A.C. has accepted conference fees from Danone Nutricia and received research funding from the European Hydration Institute. J.A.B. has received research funding from GlaxoSmithKline Nutritional Healthcare R&D, Lucozade Ribena Suntory and Kelloggs, has acted as a consultant for Lucozade Ribena Suntory and PepsiCo and is a scientific advisor to the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe Task Force on Energy Balance. J.T.G. has received research funding from Arla Foods Ingredients, Lucozade Ribena Suntory, The Rank Prize Funds, The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN), and Kenniscentrum Suiker and Voeding, and has acted as a consultant for Lucozade Ribena Suntory and PepsiCo.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by grants from Arla Foods Ingredients and from The Nutrition Society.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, The Author(s).
PY - 2020/9/1
Y1 - 2020/9/1
N2 - Purpose: To examine whether calcium type and co-ingestion with protein alter gut hormone availability. Methods: Healthy adults aged 26 ± 7 years (mean ± SD) completed three randomized, double-blind, crossover studies. In all studies, arterialized blood was sampled postprandially over 120 min to determine GLP-1, GIP and PYY responses, alongside appetite ratings, energy expenditure and blood pressure. In study 1 (n = 20), three treatments matched for total calcium content (1058 mg) were compared: calcium citrate (CALCITR); milk minerals rich in calcium (MILK MINERALS); and milk minerals rich in calcium plus co-ingestion of 50 g whey protein hydrolysate (MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN). In study 2 (n = 6), 50 g whey protein hydrolysate (PROTEIN) was compared to MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN. In study 3 (n = 6), MILK MINERALS was compared to the vehicle of ingestion (water plus sucralose; CONTROL). Results: MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN increased GLP-1 incremental area under the curve (iAUC) by ~ ninefold (43.7 ± 11.1 pmol L−1 120 min; p < 0.001) versus both CALCITR and MILK MINERALS, with no difference detected between CALCITR (6.6 ± 3.7 pmol L−1 120 min) and MILK MINERALS (5.3 ± 3.5 pmol L−1 120 min; p > 0.999). MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN produced a GLP-1 iAUC ~ 25% greater than PROTEIN (p = 0.024; mean difference: 9.1 ± 6.9 pmol L−1 120 min), whereas the difference between MILK MINERALS versus CONTROL was small and non-significant (p = 0.098; mean difference: 4.2 ± 5.1 pmol L−1 120 min). Conclusions: When ingested alone, milk minerals rich in calcium do not increase GLP-1 secretion compared to calcium citrate. Co-ingesting high-dose whey protein hydrolysate with milk minerals rich in calcium increases postprandial GLP-1 concentrations to some of the highest physiological levels ever reported. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03232034, NCT03370484, NCT03370497.
AB - Purpose: To examine whether calcium type and co-ingestion with protein alter gut hormone availability. Methods: Healthy adults aged 26 ± 7 years (mean ± SD) completed three randomized, double-blind, crossover studies. In all studies, arterialized blood was sampled postprandially over 120 min to determine GLP-1, GIP and PYY responses, alongside appetite ratings, energy expenditure and blood pressure. In study 1 (n = 20), three treatments matched for total calcium content (1058 mg) were compared: calcium citrate (CALCITR); milk minerals rich in calcium (MILK MINERALS); and milk minerals rich in calcium plus co-ingestion of 50 g whey protein hydrolysate (MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN). In study 2 (n = 6), 50 g whey protein hydrolysate (PROTEIN) was compared to MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN. In study 3 (n = 6), MILK MINERALS was compared to the vehicle of ingestion (water plus sucralose; CONTROL). Results: MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN increased GLP-1 incremental area under the curve (iAUC) by ~ ninefold (43.7 ± 11.1 pmol L−1 120 min; p < 0.001) versus both CALCITR and MILK MINERALS, with no difference detected between CALCITR (6.6 ± 3.7 pmol L−1 120 min) and MILK MINERALS (5.3 ± 3.5 pmol L−1 120 min; p > 0.999). MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN produced a GLP-1 iAUC ~ 25% greater than PROTEIN (p = 0.024; mean difference: 9.1 ± 6.9 pmol L−1 120 min), whereas the difference between MILK MINERALS versus CONTROL was small and non-significant (p = 0.098; mean difference: 4.2 ± 5.1 pmol L−1 120 min). Conclusions: When ingested alone, milk minerals rich in calcium do not increase GLP-1 secretion compared to calcium citrate. Co-ingesting high-dose whey protein hydrolysate with milk minerals rich in calcium increases postprandial GLP-1 concentrations to some of the highest physiological levels ever reported. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03232034, NCT03370484, NCT03370497.
KW - Calcium
KW - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
KW - Incretins
KW - Metabolism
KW - Peptide tyrosine tyrosine
KW - Postprandial
KW - Protein
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U2 - 10.1007/s00394-019-02092-4
DO - 10.1007/s00394-019-02092-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 31531707
AN - SCOPUS:85073815425
SN - 1436-6207
VL - 59
SP - 2449
EP - 2462
JO - Zeitschrift fur Ernahrungswissenschaft
JF - Zeitschrift fur Ernahrungswissenschaft
IS - 6
ER -