Clinical Application of a Graphene Oxide-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor to Measure First-Trimester Serum Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A/A2 Ratio to Predict Preeclampsia

Chen Yu Chen*, Nan Fu Chiu*, Ying Hao Wang, Chie Pein Chen, Fang Ju Sun, Yi Yung Chen, Yu Jun Huang

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia, a major cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes, involves metalloproteinases pregnancy-associated plasma protein (PAPP)-A and PAPP-A2 from placental trophoblasts. The graphene oxide (GO)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor has higher sensitivity, affinity, and selective ability than the traditional SPR biosensor. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of measuring first-trimester serum PAPP-A/PAPP-A2 ratio as a novel predictor of preeclampsia using the GO-SPR biosensor. Methods: This prospective case-control study of pregnant women was conducted at MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan between January 2018 and June 2020. The SPR angle shifts of first-trimester serum PAPP-A, PAPP-A2, and PAPP-A/PAPP-A2 ratio measured using the GO-SPR biosensor were compared between preeclampsia and control groups. Results: Serum samples from 185 pregnant women were collected, of whom 30 had preeclampsia (5 early-onset; 25 late-onset). The response time between the antibody-antigen association and dissociation only took about 200 seconds. The SPR angle shift of PAPP-A in the preeclampsia group was significantly smaller than that in the control group (median (interquartile range): 5.33 (4.55) versus 6.89 (4.10) millidegrees (mDeg), P = 0.008). Conversely, the SPR angle shift of PAPP-A2 in the preeclampsia group was significantly larger than that in the control group (5.70 (3.81) versus 3.63 (2.38) mDeg, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed a cut-off PAPP-A/PAPP-A2 ratio to predict all preeclampsia of ≤ 0.76, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.79 (95% CI 0.73– 0.85, P < 0.001). Sub-group analysis revealed a cut-off PAPP-A/PAPP-A2 ratio to predict early-onset preeclampsia of ≤ 0.53 (AUC 0.99, 95% CI 0.96–1.00, P < 0.001), and ≤ 0.73 to predict late-onset preeclampsia (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.68–0.81, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Measuring first-trimester serum PAPP-A/PAPP-A2 ratio using the GO-SPR biosensor could be a valuable method for early prediction of preeclampsia.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)7469-7481
Number of pages13
JournalInternational Journal of Nanomedicine
Volume18
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2023

Keywords

  • PAPP-A/PAPP-A2 ratio
  • biosensor
  • graphene oxide
  • preeclampsia
  • surface plasmon resonance

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biophysics
  • Bioengineering
  • Biomaterials
  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Drug Discovery
  • Organic Chemistry

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