Bulk Contact Between Silver Nanowires Top Electrode and Interface Layer Enables High Performance of Full-Solution-Processed Semitransparent Organic Solar Cell Module

The solution-processed electrode is key to the full-solution-processed organic solar cells (OSCs). Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are considered as an attractive solution-processed electrode due to their low sheet resistance and high transmittance. However, the traditional “line-plane” contact between AgNWs and the interface buffer layer is insufficient, resulting in the low performance of full-solution-processed OSCs. Herein, a bulk contact structure is reported between AgNWs and interface, formed by inserting the interface layer material, such as HMoO_x (hydrogen molybdenum bronze) into the AgNWs networks. The extra HMoO_x can be connected with the bottom interface buffer layer, forming a longitudinal network, and wrapping the AgNWs in the longitudinal interfacial layer. This bulk contact electrode-interface structure increases the area of AgNWs/interface layers, promoting charge transfer and collection. Besides, the top-injected method can enable the formation of a water-based ink film on the top of the organic layer, as well as avoid solvent erosion between AgNWs and the interface layer. Based on the bulk contact electrode-interface structure, this work realized high performance of 12.27% and 9.54% for 0.09 cm² small-area device and 10.8 cm² full-solution-processed semitransparent mini-module. These results provide a new idea for full-solution-processed OSCs preparation.