An integrated bidirectional charging power controller employing an advanced control strategy for solar power generation systems with battery pack

This study addresses the issues of low energy conversion efficiency, limited bidirectional power control capability, and poor output power quality in conventional solar power generation systems. To overcome these challenges, a 1 kW solar power generation system integrated with a bidirectional charging and discharging controller is proposed. The proposed system features a novel architecture that combines a boost converter, a dual-switch flyback converter, and an inverter, forming a hybrid power conversion system with galvanic isolation, bidirectional energy flow capability, and intelligent energy management. In addition, a dual-controller hierarchical control scheme is adopted to decouple photovoltaic (PV) energy management and inverter operation, thereby enhancing system flexibility, modularity, and real-time performance. An improved three-point weighted MPPT method with slope-based power estimation is developed to enhance tracking performance under varying irradiance conditions. Furthermore, the system integrates MPPT with battery charge/discharge control and DC-link voltage regulation, enabling adaptive bidirectional energy flow and system-level energy management. A multi-stage voltage regulation and power conditioning mechanism is established through coordinated control of the boost converter and inverter. Combined with SPWM-based inverter control, an LC filter, and an isolation transformer, the proposed system achieves stable AC output with low total harmonic distortion (THD) and high power quality. To validate the proposed design, both simulations and a 1 kW hardware prototype are implemented. Experimental results demonstrate that the system maintains stable operation under varying input conditions, achieving an overall efficiency of up to 95% and an MPPT efficiency of 99%. The inverter output THD is maintained below 1%, which is significantly lower than that of previously reported non-isolated PV–battery systems (∼2.67%), confirming the superior power quality and system stability of the proposed architecture.