Acute Exercise Effects on Executive Function: Exploring the Relationship and Moderating Factors Through the 3W+1H Framework

This chapter delves into the impact of acute exercise on executive function—a key component of cognitive functions. Despite a robust body of evidence showcasing the substantial benefits of chronic exercise on executive function, a notable gap exists in our understanding of its acute effects. The chapter unfolds in four key segments. Firstly, it provides a succinct definition of executive function. Subsequently, it synthesizes findings from previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses, elucidating the overall impact of acute exercise on executive function. Despite occasional discrepancies in individual studies, a consistent positive association emerges. The third segment employs the 3W+1H framework to explore moderators shaping this relationship, scrutinizing the “Who, What, When, and How” factors. Through this lens, the chapter aims to uncover nuanced conditions under which acute exercise optimally enhances executive function. Lastly, the chapter outlines future research directions, emphasizing the necessity for targeted investigations to refine our understanding of the intricate interplay between acute exercise and executive function. This inquiry contributes to the ongoing discourse on the benefits of exercise for executive function, offering insights with potential applications in both research and practical contexts to promote cognitive well-being.