A three-stage augmented-reality-facilitated earth science instructional process for dispersing learning style differences

Studies have proven that merging hands-on and online learning can result in an enhanced learning experience. However, the effects of learning styles have substantially affected online learning performance. As ICT continues to develop, an augmented reality (AR)-embedded instructional orientation could provide additional hands-on experiences to the classroom. In contrast to traditional online learning, multiple in-classroom activities may be involved in an AR-embedded e-learning process, thus could reduce the effects of individual differences. Using a three-stage AR-embedded comprehensive instructional process, an experiment was conducted to investigate the influences of student's learning styles. The results of the study showed that overall learning achievement was significant for the AR-embedded instruction. Nevertheless, as no significant difference found among different learning styles, indicating that our multiple activities oriented AR learning process may have helped disperse the effect of different learning styles.