A ring-like accretion structure in M87 connecting its black hole and jet

Ru Sen Lu; Keiichi Asada; Thomas P. Krichbaum; Jongho Park; Fumie Tazaki; Hung Yi Pu; Masanori Nakamura; Andrei Lobanov; Kazuhiro Hada; Kazunori Akiyama; Jae Young Kim; Ivan Marti-Vidal; José L. Gómez; Tomohisa Kawashima; Feng Yuan; Eduardo Ros; Walter Alef; Silke Britzen; Michael Bremer; Avery E. Broderick; Akihiro Doi; Gabriele Giovannini; Marcello Giroletti; Paul T.P. Ho; Mareki Honma; David H. Hughes; Makoto Inoue; Wu Jiang; Motoki Kino; Shoko Koyama; Michael Lindqvist; Jun Liu; Alan P. Marscher; Satoki Matsushita; Hiroshi Nagai; Helge Rottmann; Tuomas Savolainen; Karl Friedrich Schuster; Zhi Qiang Shen; Pablo de Vicente; R. Craig Walker; Hai Yang; J. Anton Zensus; Juan Carlos Algaba; Alexander Allardi; Uwe Bach; Ryan Berthold; Dan Bintley; Do Young Byun; Carolina Casadio; Shu Hao Chang; Chih Cheng Chang; Song Chu Chang; Chung Chen Chen; Ming Tang Chen; Ryan Chilson; Tim C. Chuter; John Conway; Geoffrey B. Crew; Jessica T. Dempsey; Sven Dornbusch; Aaron Faber; Per Friberg; Javier González García; Miguel Gómez Garrido; Chih Chiang Han; Kuo Chang Han; Yutaka Hasegawa; Ruben Herrero-Illana; Yau De Huang; Chih Wei L. Huang; Violette Impellizzeri; Homin Jiang; Hao Jinchi; Taehyun Jung; Juha Kallunki; Petri Kirves; Kimihiro Kimura; Jun Yi Koay; Patrick M. Koch; Carsten Kramer; Alex Kraus; Derek Kubo; Cheng Yu Kuo; Chao Te Li; Lupin Chun Che Lin; Ching Tang Liu; Kuan Yu Liu; Wen Ping Lo; Li Ming Lu; Nicholas MacDonald; Pierre Martin-Cocher; Hugo Messias; Zheng Meyer-Zhao; Anthony Minter; Dhanya G. Nair; Hiroaki Nishioka; Timothy J. Norton; George Nystrom; Hideo Ogawa; Peter Oshiro; Nimesh A. Patel; Ue Li Pen; Yurii Pidopryhora; Nicolas Pradel; Philippe A. Raffin; Ramprasad Rao; Ignacio Ruiz; Salvador Sanchez; Paul Shaw; William Snow; T. K. Sridharan; Ranjani Srinivasan; Belén Tercero; Pablo Torne; Efthalia Traianou; Jan Wagner; Craig Walther; Ta Shun Wei; Jun Yang; Chen Yu Yu

doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05843-w

A ring-like accretion structure in M87 connecting its black hole and jet

Ru Sen Lu^*, Keiichi Asada^*, Thomas P. Krichbaum^*, Jongho Park, Fumie Tazaki, Hung Yi Pu, Masanori Nakamura, Andrei Lobanov, Kazuhiro Hada^*, Kazunori Akiyama, Jae Young Kim, Ivan Marti-Vidal, José L. Gómez, Tomohisa Kawashima, Feng Yuan, Eduardo Ros, Walter Alef, Silke Britzen, Michael Bremer, Avery E. BroderickAkihiro Doi, Gabriele Giovannini, Marcello Giroletti, Paul T.P. Ho, Mareki Honma, David H. Hughes, Makoto Inoue, Wu Jiang, Motoki Kino, Shoko Koyama, Michael Lindqvist, Jun Liu, Alan P. Marscher, Satoki Matsushita, Hiroshi Nagai, Helge Rottmann, Tuomas Savolainen, Karl Friedrich Schuster, Zhi Qiang Shen, Pablo de Vicente, R. Craig Walker, Hai Yang, J. Anton Zensus, Juan Carlos Algaba, Alexander Allardi, Uwe Bach, Ryan Berthold, Dan Bintley, Do Young Byun, Carolina Casadio, Shu Hao Chang, Chih Cheng Chang, Song Chu Chang, Chung Chen Chen, Ming Tang Chen, Ryan Chilson, Tim C. Chuter, John Conway, Geoffrey B. Crew, Jessica T. Dempsey, Sven Dornbusch, Aaron Faber, Per Friberg, Javier González García, Miguel Gómez Garrido, Chih Chiang Han, Kuo Chang Han, Yutaka Hasegawa, Ruben Herrero-Illana, Yau De Huang, Chih Wei L. Huang, Violette Impellizzeri, Homin Jiang, Hao Jinchi, Taehyun Jung, Juha Kallunki, Petri Kirves, Kimihiro Kimura, Jun Yi Koay, Patrick M. Koch, Carsten Kramer, Alex Kraus, Derek Kubo, Cheng Yu Kuo, Chao Te Li, Lupin Chun Che Lin, Ching Tang Liu, Kuan Yu Liu, Wen Ping Lo, Li Ming Lu, Nicholas MacDonald, Pierre Martin-Cocher, Hugo Messias, Zheng Meyer-Zhao, Anthony Minter, Dhanya G. Nair, Hiroaki Nishioka, Timothy J. Norton, George Nystrom, Hideo Ogawa, Peter Oshiro, Nimesh A. Patel, Ue Li Pen, Yurii Pidopryhora, Nicolas Pradel, Philippe A. Raffin, Ramprasad Rao, Ignacio Ruiz, Salvador Sanchez, Paul Shaw, William Snow, T. K. Sridharan, Ranjani Srinivasan, Belén Tercero, Pablo Torne, Efthalia Traianou, Jan Wagner, Craig Walther, Ta Shun Wei, Jun Yang, Chen Yu Yu

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

65 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The nearby radio galaxy M87 is a prime target for studying black hole accretion and jet formation^1,2. Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87 in 2017, at a wavelength of 1.3 mm, revealed a ring-like structure, which was interpreted as gravitationally lensed emission around a central black hole³. Here we report images of M87 obtained in 2018, at a wavelength of 3.5 mm, showing that the compact radio core is spatially resolved. High-resolution imaging shows a ring-like structure of 8.4−1.1+0.5 Schwarzschild radii in diameter, approximately 50% larger than that seen at 1.3 mm. The outer edge at 3.5 mm is also larger than that at 1.3 mm. This larger and thicker ring indicates a substantial contribution from the accretion flow with absorption effects, in addition to the gravitationally lensed ring-like emission. The images show that the edge-brightened jet connects to the accretion flow of the black hole. Close to the black hole, the emission profile of the jet-launching region is wider than the expected profile of a black-hole-driven jet, suggesting the possible presence of a wind associated with the accretion flow.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	686-690
Number of pages	5
Journal	Nature
Volume	616
Issue number	7958
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05843-w
Publication status	Published - 2023 Apr 27

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Lu, R. S., Asada, K., Krichbaum, T. P., Park, J., Tazaki, F., Pu, H. Y., Nakamura, M., Lobanov, A., Hada, K., Akiyama, K., Kim, J. Y., Marti-Vidal, I., Gómez, J. L., Kawashima, T., Yuan, F., Ros, E., Alef, W., Britzen, S., Bremer, M., ... Yu, C. Y. (2023). A ring-like accretion structure in M87 connecting its black hole and jet. Nature, 616(7958), 686-690. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05843-w

Lu, RS, Asada, K, Krichbaum, TP, Park, J, Tazaki, F, Pu, HY, Nakamura, M, Lobanov, A, Hada, K, Akiyama, K, Kim, JY, Marti-Vidal, I, Gómez, JL, Kawashima, T, Yuan, F, Ros, E, Alef, W, Britzen, S, Bremer, M, Broderick, AE, Doi, A, Giovannini, G, Giroletti, M, Ho, PTP, Honma, M, Hughes, DH, Inoue, M, Jiang, W, Kino, M, Koyama, S, Lindqvist, M, Liu, J, Marscher, AP, Matsushita, S, Nagai, H, Rottmann, H, Savolainen, T, Schuster, KF, Shen, ZQ, de Vicente, P, Walker, RC, Yang, H, Zensus, JA, Algaba, JC, Allardi, A, Bach, U, Berthold, R, Bintley, D, Byun, DY, Casadio, C, Chang, SH, Chang, CC, Chang, SC, Chen, CC, Chen, MT, Chilson, R, Chuter, TC, Conway, J, Crew, GB, Dempsey, JT, Dornbusch, S, Faber, A, Friberg, P, García, JG, Garrido, MG, Han, CC, Han, KC, Hasegawa, Y, Herrero-Illana, R, Huang, YD, Huang, CWL, Impellizzeri, V, Jiang, H, Jinchi, H, Jung, T, Kallunki, J, Kirves, P, Kimura, K, Koay, JY, Koch, PM, Kramer, C, Kraus, A, Kubo, D, Kuo, CY, Li, CT, Lin, LCC, Liu, CT, Liu, KY, Lo, WP, Lu, LM, MacDonald, N, Martin-Cocher, P, Messias, H, Meyer-Zhao, Z, Minter, A, Nair, DG, Nishioka, H, Norton, TJ, Nystrom, G, Ogawa, H, Oshiro, P, Patel, NA, Pen, UL, Pidopryhora, Y, Pradel, N, Raffin, PA, Rao, R, Ruiz, I, Sanchez, S, Shaw, P, Snow, W, Sridharan, TK, Srinivasan, R, Tercero, B, Torne, P, Traianou, E, Wagner, J, Walther, C, Wei, TS, Yang, J & Yu, CY 2023, 'A ring-like accretion structure in M87 connecting its black hole and jet', Nature, vol. 616, no. 7958, pp. 686-690. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05843-w

@article{238d808c129046f59e782330e6cee3cd,

title = "A ring-like accretion structure in M87 connecting its black hole and jet",

abstract = "The nearby radio galaxy M87 is a prime target for studying black hole accretion and jet formation1,2. Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87 in 2017, at a wavelength of 1.3 mm, revealed a ring-like structure, which was interpreted as gravitationally lensed emission around a central black hole3. Here we report images of M87 obtained in 2018, at a wavelength of 3.5 mm, showing that the compact radio core is spatially resolved. High-resolution imaging shows a ring-like structure of 8.4−1.1+0.5 Schwarzschild radii in diameter, approximately 50% larger than that seen at 1.3 mm. The outer edge at 3.5 mm is also larger than that at 1.3 mm. This larger and thicker ring indicates a substantial contribution from the accretion flow with absorption effects, in addition to the gravitationally lensed ring-like emission. The images show that the edge-brightened jet connects to the accretion flow of the black hole. Close to the black hole, the emission profile of the jet-launching region is wider than the expected profile of a black-hole-driven jet, suggesting the possible presence of a wind associated with the accretion flow.",

author = "Lu, {Ru Sen} and Keiichi Asada and Krichbaum, {Thomas P.} and Jongho Park and Fumie Tazaki and Pu, {Hung Yi} and Masanori Nakamura and Andrei Lobanov and Kazuhiro Hada and Kazunori Akiyama and Kim, {Jae Young} and Ivan Marti-Vidal and G{\'o}mez, {Jos{\'e} L.} and Tomohisa Kawashima and Feng Yuan and Eduardo Ros and Walter Alef and Silke Britzen and Michael Bremer and Broderick, {Avery E.} and Akihiro Doi and Gabriele Giovannini and Marcello Giroletti and Ho, {Paul T.P.} and Mareki Honma and Hughes, {David H.} and Makoto Inoue and Wu Jiang and Motoki Kino and Shoko Koyama and Michael Lindqvist and Jun Liu and Marscher, {Alan P.} and Satoki Matsushita and Hiroshi Nagai and Helge Rottmann and Tuomas Savolainen and Schuster, {Karl Friedrich} and Shen, {Zhi Qiang} and {de Vicente}, Pablo and Walker, {R. Craig} and Hai Yang and Zensus, {J. Anton} and Algaba, {Juan Carlos} and Alexander Allardi and Uwe Bach and Ryan Berthold and Dan Bintley and Byun, {Do Young} and Carolina Casadio and Chang, {Shu Hao} and Chang, {Chih Cheng} and Chang, {Song Chu} and Chen, {Chung Chen} and Chen, {Ming Tang} and Ryan Chilson and Chuter, {Tim C.} and John Conway and Crew, {Geoffrey B.} and Dempsey, {Jessica T.} and Sven Dornbusch and Aaron Faber and Per Friberg and Garc{\'i}a, {Javier Gonz{\'a}lez} and Garrido, {Miguel G{\'o}mez} and Han, {Chih Chiang} and Han, {Kuo Chang} and Yutaka Hasegawa and Ruben Herrero-Illana and Huang, {Yau De} and Huang, {Chih Wei L.} and Violette Impellizzeri and Homin Jiang and Hao Jinchi and Taehyun Jung and Juha Kallunki and Petri Kirves and Kimihiro Kimura and Koay, {Jun Yi} and Koch, {Patrick M.} and Carsten Kramer and Alex Kraus and Derek Kubo and Kuo, {Cheng Yu} and Li, {Chao Te} and Lin, {Lupin Chun Che} and Liu, {Ching Tang} and Liu, {Kuan Yu} and Lo, {Wen Ping} and Lu, {Li Ming} and Nicholas MacDonald and Pierre Martin-Cocher and Hugo Messias and Zheng Meyer-Zhao and Anthony Minter and Nair, {Dhanya G.} and Hiroaki Nishioka and Norton, {Timothy J.} and George Nystrom and Hideo Ogawa and Peter Oshiro and Patel, {Nimesh A.} and Pen, {Ue Li} and Yurii Pidopryhora and Nicolas Pradel and Raffin, {Philippe A.} and Ramprasad Rao and Ignacio Ruiz and Salvador Sanchez and Paul Shaw and William Snow and Sridharan, {T. K.} and Ranjani Srinivasan and Bel{\'e}n Tercero and Pablo Torne and Efthalia Traianou and Jan Wagner and Craig Walther and Wei, {Ta Shun} and Jun Yang and Yu, {Chen Yu}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s).",

year = "2023",

month = apr,

day = "27",

doi = "10.1038/s41586-023-05843-w",

language = "English",

volume = "616",

pages = "686--690",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

number = "7958",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - A ring-like accretion structure in M87 connecting its black hole and jet

AU - Lu, Ru Sen

AU - Asada, Keiichi

AU - Krichbaum, Thomas P.

AU - Park, Jongho

AU - Tazaki, Fumie

AU - Pu, Hung Yi

AU - Nakamura, Masanori

AU - Lobanov, Andrei

AU - Hada, Kazuhiro

AU - Akiyama, Kazunori

AU - Kim, Jae Young

AU - Marti-Vidal, Ivan

AU - Gómez, José L.

AU - Kawashima, Tomohisa

AU - Yuan, Feng

AU - Ros, Eduardo

AU - Alef, Walter

AU - Britzen, Silke

AU - Bremer, Michael

AU - Broderick, Avery E.

AU - Doi, Akihiro

AU - Giovannini, Gabriele

AU - Giroletti, Marcello

AU - Ho, Paul T.P.

AU - Honma, Mareki

AU - Hughes, David H.

AU - Inoue, Makoto

AU - Jiang, Wu

AU - Kino, Motoki

AU - Koyama, Shoko

AU - Lindqvist, Michael

AU - Liu, Jun

AU - Marscher, Alan P.

AU - Matsushita, Satoki

AU - Nagai, Hiroshi

AU - Rottmann, Helge

AU - Savolainen, Tuomas

AU - Schuster, Karl Friedrich

AU - Shen, Zhi Qiang

AU - de Vicente, Pablo

AU - Walker, R. Craig

AU - Yang, Hai

AU - Zensus, J. Anton

AU - Algaba, Juan Carlos

AU - Allardi, Alexander

AU - Bach, Uwe

AU - Berthold, Ryan

AU - Bintley, Dan

AU - Byun, Do Young

AU - Casadio, Carolina

AU - Chang, Shu Hao

AU - Chang, Chih Cheng

AU - Chang, Song Chu

AU - Chen, Chung Chen

AU - Chen, Ming Tang

AU - Chilson, Ryan

AU - Chuter, Tim C.

AU - Conway, John

AU - Crew, Geoffrey B.

AU - Dempsey, Jessica T.

AU - Dornbusch, Sven

AU - Faber, Aaron

AU - Friberg, Per

AU - García, Javier González

AU - Garrido, Miguel Gómez

AU - Han, Chih Chiang

AU - Han, Kuo Chang

AU - Hasegawa, Yutaka

AU - Herrero-Illana, Ruben

AU - Huang, Yau De

AU - Huang, Chih Wei L.

AU - Impellizzeri, Violette

AU - Jiang, Homin

AU - Jinchi, Hao

AU - Jung, Taehyun

AU - Kallunki, Juha

AU - Kirves, Petri

AU - Kimura, Kimihiro

AU - Koay, Jun Yi

AU - Koch, Patrick M.

AU - Kramer, Carsten

AU - Kraus, Alex

AU - Kubo, Derek

AU - Kuo, Cheng Yu

AU - Li, Chao Te

AU - Lin, Lupin Chun Che

AU - Liu, Ching Tang

AU - Liu, Kuan Yu

AU - Lo, Wen Ping

AU - Lu, Li Ming

AU - MacDonald, Nicholas

AU - Martin-Cocher, Pierre

AU - Messias, Hugo

AU - Meyer-Zhao, Zheng

AU - Minter, Anthony

AU - Nair, Dhanya G.

AU - Nishioka, Hiroaki

AU - Norton, Timothy J.

AU - Nystrom, George

AU - Ogawa, Hideo

AU - Oshiro, Peter

AU - Patel, Nimesh A.

AU - Pen, Ue Li

AU - Pidopryhora, Yurii

AU - Pradel, Nicolas

AU - Raffin, Philippe A.

AU - Rao, Ramprasad

AU - Ruiz, Ignacio

AU - Sanchez, Salvador

AU - Shaw, Paul

AU - Snow, William

AU - Sridharan, T. K.

AU - Srinivasan, Ranjani

AU - Tercero, Belén

AU - Torne, Pablo

AU - Traianou, Efthalia

AU - Wagner, Jan

AU - Walther, Craig

AU - Wei, Ta Shun

AU - Yang, Jun

AU - Yu, Chen Yu

PY - 2023/4/27

Y1 - 2023/4/27

N2 - The nearby radio galaxy M87 is a prime target for studying black hole accretion and jet formation1,2. Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87 in 2017, at a wavelength of 1.3 mm, revealed a ring-like structure, which was interpreted as gravitationally lensed emission around a central black hole3. Here we report images of M87 obtained in 2018, at a wavelength of 3.5 mm, showing that the compact radio core is spatially resolved. High-resolution imaging shows a ring-like structure of 8.4−1.1+0.5 Schwarzschild radii in diameter, approximately 50% larger than that seen at 1.3 mm. The outer edge at 3.5 mm is also larger than that at 1.3 mm. This larger and thicker ring indicates a substantial contribution from the accretion flow with absorption effects, in addition to the gravitationally lensed ring-like emission. The images show that the edge-brightened jet connects to the accretion flow of the black hole. Close to the black hole, the emission profile of the jet-launching region is wider than the expected profile of a black-hole-driven jet, suggesting the possible presence of a wind associated with the accretion flow.

AB - The nearby radio galaxy M87 is a prime target for studying black hole accretion and jet formation1,2. Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87 in 2017, at a wavelength of 1.3 mm, revealed a ring-like structure, which was interpreted as gravitationally lensed emission around a central black hole3. Here we report images of M87 obtained in 2018, at a wavelength of 3.5 mm, showing that the compact radio core is spatially resolved. High-resolution imaging shows a ring-like structure of 8.4−1.1+0.5 Schwarzschild radii in diameter, approximately 50% larger than that seen at 1.3 mm. The outer edge at 3.5 mm is also larger than that at 1.3 mm. This larger and thicker ring indicates a substantial contribution from the accretion flow with absorption effects, in addition to the gravitationally lensed ring-like emission. The images show that the edge-brightened jet connects to the accretion flow of the black hole. Close to the black hole, the emission profile of the jet-launching region is wider than the expected profile of a black-hole-driven jet, suggesting the possible presence of a wind associated with the accretion flow.

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DO - 10.1038/s41586-023-05843-w

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VL - 616

SP - 686

EP - 690

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7958

ER -

A ring-like accretion structure in M87 connecting its black hole and jet

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