缺血預處理對於激烈運動後運動表現恢復與生理恢復效益之影響

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and muscle performance in athletes. Methods: Thirty-six male collegiate athletes were recruited and randomly assigned into IPC (3 × 5 min, 220 mmHg), SHAM (3 × 5 min, 20 mmHg), or CON (control) group. One week after performing one repetition maximum (1RM) test, participants performed IPC or SHAM at the upper thighs before a fatiguing resistance exercise bout consisting of 10 sets with 10 repetitions of back squats at 70%1RM with 3-minute rest between sets. The CON group did not perform any interventions before the fatiguing resistance exercise. Plasma creatine kinase (CK), thigh circumference (TC), range of motion (ROM) at knee joint, muscle soreness (visual analog scale, VAS), perceived recovery status (PRS), squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) were measured before (baseline), immediately after (post-exercise), and 1 to 5 days (D1 to D5) after the fatiguing resistance exercise. In IPC group, IPC was administrated again after muscle damage and performance tests on D1 and D2. Results: No significant differences in total exercise volume of fatiguing resistance exercise were found among groups (p > 0.05). The CK levels was the highest on D1, which was significant higher than that at baseline (from 283 ± 144 to 441 ± 384 IU, p < 0.05). The VAS reached the highest level (6.5 ± 2.5 scores) at post-exercise, and returned to baseline on D3 in all groups. The TC increased significantly after resistance exercise, and returned to baseline on D5 in all groups (p < 0.05). The ROM of knee joint decreased significantly at post-exercise, and returned to baseline on D2 in all groups (p < 0.05). Changes in CMJ height in IPC significantly decreased at post-exercise, and returned to baseline on D1. However, changes in CMJ height in SHAM and CON groups returned to baseline on D3 and D2, respectively. Changes in peak and mean force during IMTP test in SHAM and CON returned to baseline on D2 and D5, respectively. However, there were no significant differences on peak and mean force of IMTP in IPC from post-exercise to D5. Conclusions: IPC could prevent the declines in muscular strength and power after EIMD exercise in collegiate athletes. However, IPC seems unable to provide protection against delay onset muscle soreness and muscle damage after EIMD.