空氣手槍射擊表現與瞄準時的身體擺動－檢證練習與經驗效應

Air pistol shooting performance and body sway in aiming: Examining on experience and practice Abstract There is a strong relationship between posture control and shooting performance in air pistol. Body sway is the external indicator of posture control mechanisms. In this study, experience and practice will be manipulated to figure out the effects post on shooting performance and body sway in an aiming task. We trying to find out if a long-term In experience 1, twelve elite shooters and unskilled adults will be requested to shoot 30 shots, 15 shots for both dominant and non-dominant hand. Body sway and hand movement data during aiming process and the shooting scores will be analyzed by 2 (experience) x 2 (shooting hand) mixed-design two-way ANOVAs. Practice makes coordination pattern to change to meet the task requirement. For experiment 2, to examine the shooting training effect on posture control, twenty-four right-handers and twenty-four left-handers who are not expert in shooting will be recruited and randomly assigned to the groups of dominant hand training and non-dominant hand training averagely. There will be four groups: Right-handers practice with right hand (RR), right-handers practice with left hand (RL), left-handers practice with right hand (LR), left-handers practice with left hand (LL). All participants will attend shooting training program for 4 weeks, twice a week. Before and after the training period, a pre-test and post-test will be conducted. Shooting scores, the variability of the body sway and hand movement data during aiming will be measured and statistically analyzed by 4 (group) x 2 (shooting hand) x 2 (pre- and post-test) mixed-designed three-way ANOVAs. The results showed that experts had more stable control of the body and hand than the novices and had better shooting performance. This result confirmed our hypothesis. Besides, the less movement amplitude in z-axis of the shooting hand, the better performance could be achieved, no matter which hand was used. However, such phenomenon was found in novices only. In experiment 2, after a period of practice, all the participants improved in their shooting performance. The better shooting performance was achieved in post-test (compared with post-test) and in the dominant hand conditions (compared with non-dominant hand conditions). Nonetheless, results demonstrated that only few variables for the control of posture and hand movement increased the stability. There were some potential factors influenced the shooting performance.