清雍乾時期八旗米局的興革─制度史的考察

In order to keep Eight Banners System continuously operating, dominators devised many new measures after 1644 in Ch’ing dynasty, one of these is Eight-banner Bureau of Rice (Ba chi mi jyu). Emperor Yung-cheng established Ba chi mi jyu particularly for avoided bannermen suffered the loss during rice transaction in Beijing city 1728. But the successor Emperor Ch’ien-lung thought this institution is a problem ridden, thence he announced the prohibition toward Ba chi mi jyu . It is very unusual that the institution which aim is to take care of bannermen just executed twenty-five years. From the angle of operation, the business of Ba chi mi jyu kept increased with excellent management and strict assessment, and it seemed could carry on. On the other side from the sketch of institution, the function of Ba chi mi jyu is overlapping with Rice Bureau of Capital Five Administrations (Wu chen mi jyu), the emperor dispatched officers to Ba chi mi jyu without deliberated on their duty in former position, either understood bannerman’ s actually situation of diet, and that would probably the very reason to be withdraw inevitably instead of the statement like officers were slack or could not bear the competition from nongovernmental merchants. Therefore, this project will be undertaking with the business model, administrative management, and the influence for bannermen in both conditions, reservation or not, through compare and analyze, this study would discuss the change about Ba chi mi jyu, and the relationship of the economy, politics, society in the middle of 18 century.