水冷式四行程機車使用複合碳系奈米流體之熱性能、引擎性能及PM2.5排放研究

The hybrid carbon base nanofluid (HCBNF) was added to the original coolant for prepared hybrid carbon base nano-coolant (HCBNC). The sedimentation, specific heat, thermal conductivity, viscosity and wear tests at different concentrations and temperatures were carried out to explore the basic properties. As a result, it was found that the a concentration of 0.04wt.% HCBNC was selected for subsequent experiments. The 0.04wt.% HCBNC was used into the thermal platform and the actual vehicle experiment. In the heat exchange system platform, the water heat dissipation performance improvement rate was 37.5%, the air heat dissipation performance improvement rate was 6.45%, and the engine warm-up performance test. The improvement rate of reclaimed water heat dissipation performance was 23%, and the improvement rate of air heat dissipation performance was 7.94%.Compared with the original coolant and pure water, HCBNC in real vehicles has improved ECE-40 type fuel consumption by 12% and 14%, and fixed speed 50 km/h type fuel consumption by 9% and 13%. The average fuel consumption (km/L) improved by 11% and 14%. The throttle opening is fixed at 25% for flat road and hill-climbing mode tests, the speed improvement rate for horizontal road mode is 3% and 4%, and the speed improvement rate for hill-climbing mode is 8% and 18%. In the ECE-40 running mode test, constant speed running mode test, climbing mode test and flat road mode test, HCBNC was compared with the original coolant and pure water on the average cylinder wall temperature decreased by 17.25%, 10.5%; water outlet temperature improvement of 9.5%, 9.25%; cylinder wall (exhaust pipe) temperature decreased by 9.75%, 7.75%; spark plug temperature decreased by 8.25%, 8.75%. Exhaust emissions reduces the total HC emissions by 13% and 20%; the total CO emissions reduced by 39% and 49%, and the total CO2 emissions reduced by 20% and 28%. In the PM emission test, the total PM emission of particle size above 2 μm reduced by 79%, 63%, and the total PM emission of particle size above 3 μm reduced by 20%, 77%.