正向心理介入對文化弱勢青少年幸福感之輔導效果：「三階五核」小團體輔導方案之實徵研究

The purpose of the current investigation is to examine the effectiveness of a counseling group designed based on the positive psychology on wellbeing of adolescents who are from a cultural minority group. Satisfaction with life scale-revised, Automatic thoughts questionnaire, and wellbeing scale for adolescents were used as studying scales. The researcher first obtained psychometric properties of the three scales among fourth to sixth graders because these scales were original developed for junior high school students . The self-esteem scale and the optimism-pessimism scale were adopted as validity scales. Then, the researcher adopted a pre-post-follow up test quasi-experimental design to evaluate effectiveness of the experimental counseling group. In Study 1, 241 adolescents in 4th , 5th , or 6th grade were recruited. Analysis of Cronbach’s α, exploratory factor analysis, and Pearson product moment analysis were adopted to obtain reliability and validity information of the three studying scales. The results indicated that Cronbach’s α coefficients of three scales were above .80, factor loadings of each items are above .35, and explained variables of most scales met the criteria. Finally, three scales were significantly correlated to their own validity scales. To short, three studying scales possess acceptable reliability and validity qualities. In study 2, 89 adolescents who were between 5th and 8th grade and fit the criteria of being a cultural minority were recruited. For the 5th and 6th graders, there were 22 of them in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. For the 7th and 8th graders, there were 22 of them in the experimental group and 21 in the control group. Three studying scales, session evaluation form, group evaluation form, and group member interview were used to evaluate the group effectiveness. A one-way ANCOVA was performed to test research hypothesis along with qualitative analysis of the interview data. Results indicated that the experimental group was effective in increasing levels of satisfaction of interpersonal relationship among 5th and 6th graders on the post-test while it showed no significant effects on other studying variables. In terms of results of the follow-up test, findings indicated that the sense of well-being was significant decreased for the experimental group among 7th and 8th graders while there were no significant differences between experimental groups and control groups on other studying variables both for 5th and 6th graders and for 7th and 8th graders. Although the analysis of quantitative data showed undesired results, the analysis of session evaluation form, group evaluation form, and group member interview indicated that adolescents in experimental group enjoyed and were satisfied with counseling group. They also reported that the group has helped them in identifying their own strengths, establishing positive attitude toward the world, and enhancing qualities of friendship and relationship with their families. Identifying ways of improving group effectiveness on qualitative measures will be crucial for researchers. At the same time, possible reasons contributing to the negative effect of group for 7th and 8th graders are worthy for further investigation. Based on findings, recommendations for practice and future study was proposed.