晚清癸卯學制頒行前對美國教育的引介與影響

After the Opium war1839-1842, the traditional educational system and civil service examination in Ch’ing China were challenged because of the lack of the talents to manage the new crisis. Not until 1862, some western-style governmental schools for learning foreign language, technology and military were established gradually during the period of Self-strengthening Movement experimentally. However, the western school system (Kuei-mao) was established in 1904, which imitated the Japanese model and replaced the traditional one on the whole. Before it, education in Britain, USA and Germany have had some influence on China. Based on the author’s previous researches in the influence of Japan and Britain, the aim of this project is to inquire that the introduction and influence of education in the USA before the establishment of 1904 school system in Late Ch’ing China. This is a three-year project. Historical method is undertaken, and case study and theoretical analysis are used too. The major primary sources include geographic and historical books edited by the priests and Chinese officials and commons in the first–half of nineteenth century, the diaries of diplomats, journey records of tourists and students, American teachers hired by new governmental schools, articles on American education presented in major magazines and newspapers, materials about American mission schools and missionaries, and translated books on American education. Some contributions will be made to help to understand the process of introduction and borrowing of western education in modern China, to be referred by the teaching and research of ‘History of Education in Modern China’, ‘Comparative Education’, and ‘Education in USA’, to learn from this experience of educational borrowing for the education reform in the future and to enhance the study of education and culture exchange between China and USA. The themes of this research have explored the introduction of American Education in late Ch'ing before 1894 by ABCFM, the first mission, and its missionaries such as E. C. Bridgman, D. Z. Sheffield, and their enterprises in the south and north China; the Introduction of American Education, and John Allen’s Educational Enterprise and His introduction of American Education System. Four articles have been published by TSSCI Journals, two articles by others, and three conference papers have been presented,