從複雜適應的動力系統觀建立二元控制參數的運動技能學習模式

The development and learning of motor skills are individual processes that reflect a change in the ability of perceptual-motor control within the complex adaptive dynamical systems. Based on the framework of the dynamical systems theory, we observe the collective variable (order parameter) that reflects the dynamical state of the system by way of manipulating the values of the control parameter in the control-state space of the systems. The purpose of the study was to investigate the dynamics of the roller ball task based on the framework of the dynamical systems theory to develop the dual-control parameter motor learning model. Experiment 1 examined the performance of increasing and decreasing initial speed (task difficulty) sequences of the roller ball task in 2 consecutive days, and the result showed a learning effect within the 2 days’ performances indicating the unstable dynamics of the rollerball performances. Experiment 2 used the same protocol as experiment 1 for the pre-test and all participants continued to practice the roller ball task at least for 10 days based on the individual performance level. A post-test similar to the pre-test was performed for all participants after the practice sessions. The success rate of each initial speed and the slope of the trial were used for data analyses. The result of experiment 2 showed no significant performance difference between the 2 days of the post-test, indicating the performance stability. The analysis of the performance between the pre-test and post-test also showed significant improvement of the task performance. All but one participant, who showed 100% success rate for all trials of all initial speed conditions, showed phase transition in the sequence of increasing or decreasing initial speed conditions of the post-test. The comparison of the lowest initial speed of 100% success and 0% success between ascending and descending sequences provided evidence for bi-stability indicating the hysteresis phenomenon during phase transition. The results of the study provide multi-faceted contributions such as developing new research methods, offering guidelines and principles for teaching and coaching, in addition to expanding our knowledge of learning the coordination pattern of new motor skills. The empirical findings of the current study will provide basis for future modeling study of the dual control parameter dynamics on motor skill acquisition.