康熙皇帝的焦慮──立儲、開邊和歷史定位

The Anxiety of Emperor K’ang-hsi ──Heir-selection Problem﹐ Frontier Expansion and Historical Evaluation This plan take the consolidated imperial authority as the discusses spindle, the three subjects initiates the anxiety of Emperor K’ang-hsi including the problem of heir-selection, frontier expansion and thehistorical evaluation about himself, by the psychology “anxiety” theory offered the explanation for analyzing the trepidation and the exertion when K’ang-hsi faced with the threat. After K’ang-hsi was crowned over 30 years, heir-selection brought tensions between emperor and the descendants, In ceng, in addition to the performance of In ceng during the period when the emperor led the expedition toward Galdan was disappointing, then came into the imperial authority division crisis. Next, the military pressure from Junggar Khanate Galdan and the successor to Ch’ing dynasty, impeded the advancement of the empire frontier expansion, at the same time cause the challenge toward the expansion of imperial authority. It is precisely because the heir-selected wasn’t decided and frontier expansion didn’t success, Emperor K’ang-hsi on his old age, he took much more care about his evaluation, therefore he outlined his own historical position in advance based on emperor‘s authority. These three matters interrelated became the pressure and the puzzle to Emperor Kang-hsi, the research topic about his attitude and response to face the problem should be worth. Therefore, this plan would focus on the discussion: first, threaten: the division of imperial authority and frontier expansion; second, face: the disturbances of Mongol and Tibet and dethronement the crown prince; third, competition: the reviewed historical figures and made self-appraisal, to carry out psychological analyze to Emperor K’ang-hsi on the three aspects.