《左傳》及其他文獻中所見晉文公史料問題探究－以「城濮之戰相關史料」及「文公請隧」兩個面向為探究核心

This study aims at probing into the two historical data related to Wen of Jin in “Zuo Zhuan” and other document, the “Battle of Chengpu” and “Duke Wen’s Request for Underground Tunnel Funeral”. With regard to the issue of “Duke Wen’s Request for Underground Tunnel Funeral”, the explanations annotated by the teachers of classics in the past mostly revolve around the matter associated with some kind of funeral ceremony. However, to view from archeological material, the so-called tunnel, on top of which laid a roof plate, is very rarely seen for a pre-Qin funeral. Even for the funeral of the royal family of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the burial chamber is built rather than a tunnel with a roof plate. Or even for Duke of Zhou’s temple tomb which likens to an imperial funeral of the Western Zhou shows no signs of a tunnel pattern. It is not until the Western Han Dynasty that the tunnel funeral is seen in the graves of dukes and kings. This type of grave is just uncommon during the pre-Qin Dynasty. As a result, we may have to reconsider whether or not the underground tunnel funeral requested by Duke Wen from the royal court of Zhou should be confined to the theory of tomb passage. The “Battle of Chengpu”, based on which Duke Wen of Jin builds a forceful empire, is an essential campaign which has constantly been praised by the historians. Not only has the entire course of this event been written down elaborately in transmitted classics, the records relevant to the battle are often seen in unearthed documents. The updated materials have also been offering new interpretations towards some issues in relation to the Battle of Chengpu from different aspects. Secondly, in regard to the route of the Battle of Chengpu, whereas diverse ideas are proposed by scholars of the past, modern scholars have even come up with new interpretations for the point of river crossing. Nonetheless, whether or not the arguments are in line with the condition as revealed by historical data is another matter that this project is going to re-explore. Lastly, for “overturning the lowlands of Zheng”, an event related to the Battle of Chengpu, although various recordings have been noted down in former literatures, the contents indicated by the recently unearthed documents remain quite similar. For the research on historical materials aiming at this part, since less attention has been paid by the scholars all through the ages, it has become one of the topics into which this project is going to dig further.