呂格爾思想中之記憶、歷史、遺忘與原諒的涵義與關聯 - 從跨文化與跨語言的角度的探索

History, memory, forgetting and forgiving were among the primary research topics of the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur in his later life. These issues represented, at the same time, the turning point and the continuation of Ricoeur’s personal and philosophical development. He dealt with the issue of history in “Time and Narrative,” but at that time, history was discussed under the framework of narrative of history and put into contrast with fiction in literary works. Since narrative was the foundation of his three-volume oeuvre, the concept of memory never transcended the border of narrative. In Ricoeur’s later writings, his objects of thinking appear to shift from individual self to social collective, e.g., “Ideology and Utopia,” which was published in 1997, “Memory, History, Forgetting” in 2003 or “The Course of Recognition” in 2004. The main objective of this research project is to explore Ricoeur’s concept of memory, history, forgetting and forgiving in the context of his later thought, and to further explore three ideas: First, because of the detour character of Ricoeur’s philosophical development, it is advisable to compare the issues of this research project with his early- and mid-life concepts, such as symbol, metaphor, narrative and identity. Second, an in-depth exploration of the relation of Ricoeur’s concept of memory, history, forgetting and forgiving will be performed. Third, taking Ricoeur’s concept of memory, history, forgetting and forgiving as an example, representations of traumatic history in the context of different cultures and languages will be examined.