八週震動訓練對體操選手下肢基礎能力和運動表現之影響

Introduction: In the process of developing artistic gymnastics from basic movements to difficult movements, explosive power, speed, agility and other basic lower limb abilities play an extremely important role, and vibration training can effectively increase these basic lower limb abilities. Only with good basic abilities, the continuity between gymnastics movements, technical correctness, movement stability and physical durability can achieve the ideal and perfect overall performance, and improve the athletics performance. Purpose: To explore the impact of short-term four-weeks and long-term eight-weeks vibration training on the basic ability of artistic gymnasts’ lower limbs (explosive power, speed, agility) and athletics performance (back somersault). Methods: recruit 16 gymnasts, and randomly match two groups, the experimental group (n=8) and the control group (n=8), to perform vibration training three times a week for eight weeks. Aim at them to perform countermovement jump, 30-meter sprint, shuttle run, back somersault test before training, four weeks and eight weeks, use force plate (1000Hz) to capture the dynamic data of countermovement jump and back somersault test. The electromyography system collects muscle activation, and the FitLight Trainer is used to record speed for sprints and shuttle run. The data was analyzed by one-way variance of dependent samples to compare the differences between basic lower limb abilities and athletics performance, and the significance level was set to α = .05. Results: (1) There was no significant difference in explosive power (p > .05). (2) The muscle activation performance of the countermovement jump, the medial gastrocnemius, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles in the experimental group were significantly better than the pre-test after four and eight weeks of training (p < .05). (3) The speed performance of the experimental group was significantly better than the pre-test after four and eight weeks of training (p < .05). (4) The agility performance of the experiment group was significantly better than the pre-test after eight weeks of training (p < .05). (5) There is no significant difference in the athletics performance (p > .05). (6) Back somersault muscle activation performance, the vastus lateralis muscles of the experimental group were significantly better than the pre-test after four and eight weeks of training (p < .05). Conclusion: Artistic gymnasts can effectively activate the neuromuscular system of the lower limbs through long-term eight weeks vibration training, and promote the speed and agility performance of the lower limbs. Short-term and long-term vibration training have no effect on explosive power and athletic performance. It is suggested more studies are needed and find the best training schedule