兩岸城鄉3-10歲兒童與家長的行動科技使用、風險感知、素養及管教之調查與介入研究

The objective of this study is to assess children’s and their parents’ mobile devices use, literacy, risk perception, and risk behaviors. Mobile technology safety use intervention was developed and implemented to enhance children’s and parents’ mobile technology literacy. In 2018, a total of 2754 children and 7029 parents from Taiwan and Mainland China completed the questionnaire. In 2019, a total of 1253 children and 1090 parents from Taiwan and Mainland China participated in the intervention surveys. The findings were as follow. 1. About 40% of third and fourth grade students owned smartphone, while 30% owned tablets. Students in Taiwan spent more time (11 hours a week) using smartphones and tablets compared with students in Mainland China (8 hours a week). Students from rural areas spent more time using mobile devices compared with students from urban areas. They used smartphones or tables mainly for watching video and playing games. 2. The percentages of students in Taiwan contacting strangers online (20%) and posting personal pictures/videos online (5%) were higher than the rates in Mainland China, while students in China reported more cyberbullying experiences than students in Taiwan. 3. About 30% of students reported violence exposure on mobile devices. Of them about 70% of their parents were unaware of their violence exposure on mobile devices. About 16% of students reported pornography exposure on mobile devices. Of them about 80% of their parents were unaware of their child’s pornography exposure on mobile devices. Multinomial logistic regression results showed that after controlling for parent and child sociodemographic variables, factors related to parental unawareness of child violence or pornography exposure on mobile devices included child’s mobile devices ownership and smartphone/tablets use time. 4. Students from rural areas had lower levels of risk perception of mobile device use and digital literacy compared with students from urban areas, while parents in Taiwan had higher levels of risk perception and parental mediation. Multiple regression results indicated that children who had higher eye care belief, self-efficacy, and parental mediation were more likely to implement eye care behavior. 5. Students who spent more time on mobile devices were more likely to have inadequate sleep and poor sleep quality. Multiple regression results indicated that students who spent more time on mobile devices, had higher levels of violence/pornography exposure were more likely to have psychosocial adjustment difficulties. 6. Students from rural areas were more likely to have mobile gaming addiction compared with students from urban areas. Multivariate analysis results indicated that students who were boy, from rural areas, had lower levels of digital literacy, parental attachment, and parental mediation were more likely to have mobile gaming addiction. 7. The mobile technology safety use intervention had positive effects on improving students' knowledge, risk perception, self-efficacy, and parental mediation efficacy. It was suggested that schools could implement mobile technology safety use educational intervention to enhance students' digital literacy and parental mediation practices.